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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-8-29-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1047</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование повреждаемости материалов с использованием установки типа плазменный фокус «Вихрь»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the damageability of materials using a plasma focus device “Vikhr”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибков Владимир Алексеевич.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Gribkov.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровицкая</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovitskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровицкая Ирина Валерьевна.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Borovitskaya.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демин Александр Сергеевич.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Demin.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масляев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyaev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масляев Сергей Алексеевич.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Maslyaev.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Евгений Вадимович.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Morozov.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пименов Валерий Николаевич.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр, 49.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery N. Pimenov.</p><p>Leninsky pr. 49, Moscow, 119334.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pimval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондаренко Геннадий Германович.</p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая 20.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady G. Bondarenko.</p><p>ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bondarenko_gg@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдар</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaydar</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайдар Анна Ивановна.</p><p>115054, Москва, ул. Малая Пионерская 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Gaydar.</p><p>ul. Malaya Pionerskaya 12, Moscow, 115054.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niipmt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения имени А. А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University High School of Economics (HSE)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ перспективных материалов и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грибков В.А., Боровицкая И.В., Демин А.С., Масляев С.А., Морозов Е.В., Пименов В.Н., Бондаренко Г.Г., Гайдар А.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грибков В.А., Боровицкая И.В., Демин А.С., Масляев С.А., Морозов Е.В., Пименов В.Н., Бондаренко Г.Г., Гайдар А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gribkov V.A., Borovitskaya I.V., Demin A.S., Maslyaev S.A., Morozov E.V., Pimenov V.N., Bondarenko G.G., Gaydar A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1047">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1047</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты облучения металлического (никелевый сплав Инконель 718) и полупроводникового (монокристалл кремния) материалов импульсными потоками ионов гелия и гелиевой плазмы с помощью установки типа плазменный фокус (ПФ) «Вихрь». Исследована повреждаемость материалов и оценена их радиационно-термическая стойкость при воздействии импульсных потоков ионов рабочего газа и высокотемпературной плазмы в широком интервале значений плотности мощности излучения (длительность импульса — 10-8 - 10-6 с). Показано, что для обоих исследуемых материалов при «мягком» режиме облучения (q = 106 - 107 Вт/см2), не приводящем к полному оплавлению поверхности, процесс распыления наблюдается преимущественно на тех участках, которые содержат механические дефекты. Вместе с тем зафиксированы локальные участки оплавления поверхностных слоев, что связано с неоднородным распределением плотности частиц по сечению радиационного потока, падающего на образец-мишень. На поверхности материалов обнаружена тонкая пленка: в монокристалле кремния — оксид SiO2, в сплаве Инконель 718 — результат взаимодействия компонентов сплава с остаточными газами в камере ПФ и химическими элементами, ранее осажденными на его поверхность. Установлено, что облучение монокристалла кремния в более «жестком» режиме (q = 108 - 109 Вт/см2) и с большим числом импульсных воздействий приводит к плавлению и частичному испарению поверхностного слоя с образованием на нем после кристаллизации расплава волнообразного рельефа и микроструктурных дефектов типа наплывов, кратеров, пузырей и микротрещин. При этом затвердевший поверхностный слой становится очень хрупким, легко отделяется от неплавившейся кремниевой основы и распадается на мелкие (порошкообразные) частицы. После пучково-плазменной обработки в поверхностном слое присутствуют элементы, входящие в состав конструкционных и функциональных материалов, размещенных в камере ПФ. При каждом импульсном разряде они осаждаются на облучаемую поверхность монокристалла. Таким образом, применение установки ПФ «Вихрь» перспективно для моделирования экстремальных условий воздействия ионизирующих излучений на материал, реализуемых в термоядерных установках с магнитным и инерциальным удержанием плазмы, а также для создания более «мягких» режимов облучения, характерных для радиационных потоков космической среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of irradiation of metal (nickel alloy Inconel 718) and semiconductor (silicon single crystal) materials by helium ions and helium plasma pulsed beams using a plasma focus (PF) device “Vikhr” are presented. The damageability and radiation-thermal stability of the materials exposed to high-power pulsed helium ion beams of the working gas and high-temperature plasma have been studied and assessed in a wide range of the radiation power density (pulse duration 10-8 - 10-6 sec). Experiments showed that both materials exposed to “soft” irradiation (q = 106 -107 W/cm2), which did not lead to complete surface melting, underwent the process of sputtering mainly in the areas containing mechanical defects. However, for each of the materials, local areas of melting of the surface layer are observed, which is associated with an irregular distribution of the particle density over the cross section of the radiation flux incident on the target sample. A thin film was found on the surface of both materials: SiO2 oxide on a Si single crystal; and a film resulted from the interaction of the alloy components with residual gases in the PF chamber and chemical elements deposited earlier on the surface of Inconel 718 alloy. Irradiation in a “hard” mode (q = 108 - 109 W/cm2) with a large number of puls shots leads to melting and partial evaporation of the surface layer with the formation of a wave-like relief and microstructural defects such as ridges, craters, bubbles and microcracks after crystallization of the melt. A solidified surface layer becomes very brittle, easily separates from the non-melting Si base and breaks up into small particles like a powder. We have shown that after the beam-plasma treatment, the surface layer of silicon contains the elements occurred in other structural and functional materials located in the PF chamber. At each pulsed discharge, they are deposited on the irradiated surface of Si single crystal. Experiments and studies have also shown that a device “Vikhr” is promising for simulation of extreme conditions of exposing material to ionizing radiation, which are realized in thermonuclear devices with magnetic and inertial plasma confinement, as well as for creating more “soft” radiation regimes characteristic of the radiation fluxes of the space environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плазменный фокус</kwd><kwd>повреждаемость материалов</kwd><kwd>импульсные потоки</kwd><kwd>ионы гелия</kwd><kwd>гелиевая плазма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plasma focus</kwd><kwd>damageability of materials</kwd><kwd>high-power pulsed flows</kwd><kwd>helium ions</kwd><kwd>helium plasma</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по государственному заданию № 075-00746-19-00</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Субботин М. 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