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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-10-55-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние размера образца на механические и акустические характеристики бетона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of the sample size on the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботвина</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Botvina</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Рафаиловна Ботвина</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila R. Botvina</p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">botvina@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шувалов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvalov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Шувалов</p><p>129337, Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Shuvalov</p><p>Yaroslavskoe sh., 26, Moscow, 129337</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тютин</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyutin</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Равилевич Тютин</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat R. Tyutin</p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петерсен</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petersen</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Борисовна Петерсен</p><p>125367, Москва, ул. Габричевского, д. 5, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Petersen</p><p>Gabrichevskogo ul., 5/1, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Петрович Левин</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor P. Levin</p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Владимирович Федоров</p><p>129337, Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim V. Fedorov</p><p>Yaroslavskoe sh., 26, Moscow, 129337</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НОЦ ИС НИУ МГСУ Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State (National Research) University of Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Диапак, ООО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diapac, LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ботвина Л.Р., Шувалов А.Н., Тютин М.Р., Петерсен Т.Б., Левин В.П., Федоров М.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ботвина Л.Р., Шувалов А.Н., Тютин М.Р., Петерсен Т.Б., Левин В.П., Федоров М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Botvina L.R., Shuvalov A.N., Tyutin M.R., Petersen T.B., Levin V.P., Fedorov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1085">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1085</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из важных особенностей разрушения гетерогенных материалов с концентратором напряжения является масштабный эффект, связанный с зависимостью номинального напряжения от размера образца. Этот эффект необходимо учитывать при изучении процесса разрушения бетона для повышения безопасности эксплуатации бетонных конструкций. Цель данной работы — исследование влияния размеров образцов с надрезом из бетона класса В25 (R = 28 МПа) на прочностные характеристики и параметры акустической эмиссии, регистрируемой в процессе разрушения. Проведены испытания на трехточечный изгиб с регистрацией сигналов АЭ образцов трех размеров (длиной 1075, 465 и 215 мм), геометрия которых отвечала двумерному подобию, поскольку толщина образцов не менялась, а отношения длины образца и длины надреза к ширине оставались постоянными. Путем плоскостной локации сигналов АЭ на более крупных образцах оценены размеры зоны локализации процесса разрушения на разных стадиях развития трещины и построена зависимость размера зоны от времени. На малых образцах размер зоны локализации определяли путем измерения коэффициента затухания ультразвука. С помощью анализа диаграмм нагружения, совмещенных с временными зависимостями параметров АЭ, установлено, что размер образца оказывает влияние на стадийность разрушения. Построены зависимости номинальной прочности, энергии разрушения, bАЭ-параметра и суммарного числа сигналов АЭ от размера образцов. Установлено, что для образцов больших размеров размерный эффект связан со снижением номинального напряжения и накопленного числа сигналов акустической эмиссии, увеличением энергии разрушения и bАЭ-параметра. Предполагается, что изменение характеристик АЭ с увеличением размера образца связано с уменьшением относительной доли структурной неоднородности (отношением среднего размера гранитного щебня к размеру образца) в образцах большего размера. Получены новые данные о влиянии размера образцов из бетона на акустические характеристики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the important features of the fracture of heterogeneous materials with a stress concentrator is the scale effect associated with the dependence of the nominal stress on the specimen size. This effect must be considered when studying the fracture process of concrete to improve the operation safety of concrete structures. The purpose of this work is to study the size effect of the specimens with a notch made of a concrete (class B25, R = 28 MPa) on the strength characteristics and parameters of the acoustic emission(AE) recorded in the process of fracture. Three-point bend tests with registration of AE signals were carried out using specimens of three sizes (1075, 465, and 215 mm long), their geometry corresponded to two-dimensional similarity, since the thickness of the specimens remained unchanged, and both length to width ratio for the specimen and notch remained constant. The size of the zone of fracture localization at different stages of crack development were estimated on the larger specimens using planar AE location and the time dependence of the zone size was plotted. The size of the localization zone of small specimens was determined by measuring the ultrasound attenuation coefficient. Analysis of the loading diagrams combined with the time dependences of the AE parameters revealed that the specimen size affects the fracture staging. The dependences of the rated strength, fracture energy, bAE-parameter, and the total number of AE signals on the specimen size are plotted. It is shown that the size effect is associated with a decrease in the rated stress for the large-sized specimens and number of accumulated acoustic emission signals, as well as with an increase in the fracture energy and bAE-parameter. It is assumed that change in the AE characteristics with increasing size of the specimen is attributed to a decrease in the relative fraction of structural heterogeneity (the ratio of the average size of granite aggregate to the specimen size) in large specimens. New data were obtained regarding the effect of the size of concrete specimens on the acoustic characteristics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бетон</kwd><kwd>трехточечный изгиб</kwd><kwd>акустическая эмиссия</kwd><kwd>размерный эффект</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое затухание</kwd><kwd>зона процесса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>concrete</kwd><kwd>three-point bending</kwd><kwd>acoustic emission</kwd><kwd>size effect</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic attenuation</kwd><kwd>process zone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh P. F. Crack initiation in plain concrete / Magazine of Concrete Research. 1976. Vol. 28. N 94. P. 37 – 41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh P. F. Crack initiation in plain concrete / Magazine of Concrete Research. 1976. Vol. 28. N 94. 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