zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-11-28-35zldm-1312Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯTESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROLИсследование открытой пористости углеродных материалов методом термопорометрииStudy of the open porosity of carbon materials using thermoporometryХасковМ. А.KhaskovM. A.

Максим Александрович Хасков

105005, Москва, ул. Радио, д. 17

Maxim A. Khaskov

17, ul. Radio, Moscow, 105005

khaskovma@viam.ruВсероссийский НИИ авиационных материаловРоссияAll-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materialsRussian Federation20201611202086112835Copyright © Хасков М.А., 20202020Хасков М.А.Khaskov M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1312

Пористые материалы широко применяют в производстве шумо- и вибропоглощающих покрытий, теплоизоляций, фильтров и др. В работе представлены результаты исследования пористой структуры методом термопорометрии, основанным на понижении температуры плавления рабочего вещества (пенетранта), предварительно заполняющего микро- и мезопоры исследуемого образца. Анализировали открытую пористость углеродных материалов на основе фенолформальдегидных смол и порообразователя, полученных после пиролиза при различных условиях микрофазового разделения, индуцируемого полимеризацией. Испытания проводили с использованием дифференциального сканирующего калориметра. В качестве пенетранта применяли бидистиллированную воду, обладающую относительно высокими значениями изменения энтальпии при плавлении кристаллической фазы. Приведены дифференциальные и интегральные кривые распределения микро- и мезопор по размерам. Показано, что увеличение температуры микрофазового разделения приводит к росту суммарной пористости. Этому же способствует повышение скорости полимеризации фенолформальдегидной смолы за счет ее модификации метакрезолом. Выявлено, что замена фенола на паракрезол ведет к увеличению суммарной пористости при существенном замедлении реакции поликонденсации резольной смолы. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке углеродных матриц с контролируемыми параметрами массопереноса.

Thermoporometry is a calorimetric method for characterizing pore structure from the melting or freezing point depression of a liquid confined in a pore, by the reason of the added contribution of surface curvature to the phase-transition free energy. Porous materials are widely used in the production of noise and vibration-absorbing coatings, thermal insulation, filters, etc. We present the results of studying the porous structure using thermoporometry, a method based on lowering the melting point of the working substance (penetrant) which previously filled micro- and mesopores of the sample under study. The open porosity of carbon materials based on phenol-formaldehyde resins and a pore former obtained after pyrolysis under different conditions of microphase separation induced by polymerization is analyzed. The tests were carried out using a differential scanning calorimeter. Bidistilled water, which has a relatively high value of the enthalpy change upon melting of the crystalline phase is used as a penetrant to lower the error of measurements. Differential and integral curves of the size distribution of micro- and mesopores are presented. It is shown that an increase in the microphase separation temperature entails an increase in the total porosity. Moreover, an increase in the polymerization rate of phenol-formaldehyde resin due to resin modification with m-cresol also facilitated an increase in the cumulative volume of micro- and mesopores. It is shown that replacement of phenol with paracresol leads to an increase in the total porosity even under a significant decrease in resole resin polycondensation rate. The results obtained can be used in the development of carbon matrices with controlled parameters of the mass transfer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.