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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-2-43-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛА: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проектирование оптимальной формы и структуры армирования образца для корректного определения прочности однонаправленных композитов на растяжение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Developing of the optimal shape and reinforcement structure of the specimen for adequate determination of the tensile strength in unidirectional composites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полилов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polilov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Maly Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@imash.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Maly Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@imash.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татусь</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatus’</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Maly Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@imash.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д., Татусь Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д., Татусь Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polilov A.N., Vlasov D.D., Tatus’ N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1366">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1366</self-uri><abstract><p>Наивысшую прочность однонаправленные композиты имеют при растяжении вдоль волокон, но ее корректное определение связано с большими методическими сложностями. Основные проблемы испытаний полимерных композитов на растяжение состояли в разработке формы образца и способа его закрепления для обеспечения минимального влияния концентрации напряжений около захватов на реализацию прочности. Традиционные формы образцов с галтелями для однонаправленных пластиков непригодны, так как при их нагружении происходят расщепления в зонах галтели. Поэтому стандартизованы образцы в виде прямоугольных полосок, закрепляемых с помощью накладок или в специальных захватах, создающих постоянные поперечные усилия. Однако при такой форме образцов неизбежно возникает значительная концентрация напряжений у кромки захватов, причем ее влияние тем больше, чем меньше отношение межслойного модуля сдвига к продольному модулю Юнга. В целях наиболее корректного определения прочности в работе предложены образцы типа «констэра» с плавно изменяющимися размерами, но постоянной площадью поперечного сечения, что обеспечивает сохранение в каждом сечении общего числа неразрушенных волокон. При переходе от рабочей части образца к захватной его толщина уменьшается, а ширина (при сохранении площади сечения) увеличивается, чтобы не допустить смятия образца от поперечных усилий в стандартных самозатягивающихся захватах. Проведено аналитическое и МКЭ моделирование для выбора рациональной формы контура. Создано технологическое оборудование и отработана методика изготовления модельных образцов. При испытании на растяжение специально изготовленных образцов с криволинейным армированием получены более высокие значения прочности, чем при испытании стандартных образцов в виде прямоугольных полосок или с полукруглыми галтелями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unidirectional composites exhibit the highest strength when stretched along the fibers. However, the proper determination of the strength faces great methodological difficulties. The main problems of tensile testing of polymer composites consisted in developing of the specimen shape and the method of specimen fixation which ensure the minimum impact of the stress concentration near the grips on the strength measurements. A conventional shape of the specimen with fillets is unsuitable for unidirectional polymers due to the splitting occurred in the fillet zones upon loading. Therefore, the specimens are usually standardized in the form of rectangular strips fixed using pads or special grips which provide constant transverse forces. However, with such a specimen shape, a significant stress concentration inevitably occurs at the edge of grips and the lower the ratio of the interlayer shear modulus to the longitudinal Young’s modulus, the greater the stress concentration impact. For the purpose of the most correct determination of the strength we propose to use specimens with smoothly varying dimensions at the same cross-sectional area which ensures keeping the total number of unbroken fibers in each section. The specimen thickness decreases when moving from the working part of the specimen to the gripping part, whereas the width (while maintaining the section area) grows to prevent the specimen collapsing resulting from transverse forces in standard self-tightening grips. Analytical and FEM modeling is performed to select a rational contour shape. Technological equipment has been developed and a procedure of manufacturing testing specimens has been worked out. The tensile test of specially manufactured curvilinear reinforced specimens showed higher strength values compared to standard rectangular strips or specimens with semicircular fillets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волокнистый композит с полимерной матрицей</kwd><kwd>испытание на растяжение</kwd><kwd>концентрация напряжений</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>профилированный образец</kwd><kwd>однонаправленный стеклопластик</kwd><kwd>криволинейное армирование</kwd><kwd>МКЭ</kwd><kwd>3D-принтер</kwd><kwd>трехмерная печать</kwd><kwd>вакуумная инфузия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiber reinforced polymer composite</kwd><kwd>tensile test</kwd><kwd>stress concentration</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>profiled specimen</kwd><kwd>unidirectional fiberglass</kwd><kwd>curvilinear reinforcement</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>vacuum infusion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полилов А. 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