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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-5-34-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1416</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лазерно-ультразвуковое исследование локальной пористости алюмоматричных композиционных материалов, изготовленных методом реакционного литья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Laser-ultrasonic study of the local porosity of reactive cast aluminum-matrix composites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подымова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podymova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Борисовна Подымова</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia B. Podymova</p><p>Faculty of Physics</p><p>1, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npodymova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Евгеньевич Калашников</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Kalashnikov</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобелева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobeleva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Ивановна Кобелева</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov I. Kobeleva</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова, физический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения имени А. А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подымова Н.Б., Калашников И.Е., Кобелева Л.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подымова Н.Б., Калашников И.Е., Кобелева Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podymova N.B., Kalashnikov I.E., Kobeleva L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1416">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1416</self-uri><abstract><p>Один из наиболее критичных производственных дефектов литых металломатричных композиционных материалов — неравномерное распределение пористости по объему композита. Неравномерность приводит не только к локальному разупрочнению, но и играет ключевую роль в эволюции процесса повреждения при действии внешних нагрузок. В работе представлены результаты исследования локальной пористости дисперсно-упрочненных алюмоматричных композиционных материалов, изготовленных способом реакционного литья. Использовали лазерно-ультразвуковой метод, основанный на статистическом анализе распределения амплитуд обратнорассеянных широкополосных импульсов продольных ультразвуковых волн в композитах. Лазерное возбуждение и пьезоэлектрическую регистрацию ультразвука осуществляли с применением лазерно-ультразвукового преобразователя. Анализировали две серии образцов: упрочненных in situ синтезированными интерметаллидными частицами Al3Ti в различной объемной концентрации и частицами Al3Ti с добавлением наночастиц синтетического алмаза. Установлено, что для обеих серий распределение амплитуд обратнорассеянных ультразвуковых импульсов аппроксимируется Гауссовской функцией распределения, применимой для большого числа статистически независимых величин. Эмпирическая зависимость полуширины распределения от локальной пористости композитов аппроксимируется одной и той же близкой к линейной функцией независимо от размера и концентрации упрочняющих частиц. С ее помощью выведена расчетная формула для определения локальной пористости в исследуемых материалах. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для обнаружения в литых металломатричных композитах потенциально опасных областей с повышенной пористостью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the most critical manufacturing defects of cast metal-matrix composites is a non-uniform porosity distribution over the composite volume. Unevenness of the distribution leads not only to local softening, but also plays a key role in the evolution of the damage process under the external loads. The goal of the study is to apply a new laser-ultrasonic method to in-situ study of a local porosity in reactive cast aluminum-matrix composites. The proposed method is based on statistical analysis of the amplitude distribution of backscattered broadband pulses of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in the studied materials. Laser excitation and piezoelectric detection of ultrasound were carried out using a laser-ultrasonic transducer. Two series of reactive cast aluminum-matrix composites were analyzed: reinforced by in situ synthesized Al3Ti intermetallic particles in different volume concentrations and by Al3Ti added with synthetic diamond nanoparticles. It is shown that for both series of the composites, the amplitude distribution of backscattered ultrasonic pulses is approximated by the Gaussian probability distribution applicable for statistics of large number of independent random variables. The empirical dependence of the half-width of this distribution on the local porosity in composites of two series is approximated by the same nearly linear function regardless of the size and fraction of reinforcing particles. This function was used to derive the formula for calculation of the local porosity in the studied composites. The developed technique seems to be promising in revealing potentially dangerous domains with high porosity in reactive-cast metal-matrix composites.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алюмоматричные композиционные материалы</kwd><kwd>локальная пористость</kwd><kwd>лазерный оптико-акустический метод</kwd><kwd>обратнорассеянные ультразвуковые импульсы</kwd><kwd>Гауссовская функция распределения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum-matrix composites</kwd><kwd>local porosity</kwd><kwd>laser-ultrasonic method</kwd><kwd>backscattered ultrasonic pulses</kwd><kwd>Gaussian probability distribution</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">государственное задание № 075-00746-19-00</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clyne T. W., Withers P. J. 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