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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-6-5-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение микробиологических и химических показателей мясной продукции после обработки электронным излучением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of chemical and microbiological characteristics of meat products treated by radiation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Близнюк</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bliznyuk</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульяна Александровна Близнюк</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ul’yana A. Bliznyuk</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uabliznyuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдюхина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdyukhina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Михайловна Авдюхина</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina M. Avdyukhina</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борщеговская</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borshchegovskaya</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Юрьевна Борщеговская</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina Yu. Borshchegovskaya</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотник</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotnik</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофей Александрович Болотник</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofey A. Bolotnik</p><p>1 bld. 3 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ипатова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ipatova</surname><given-names>V S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Сергеевна Ипатова</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya S. Ipatova</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodin</surname><given-names>I A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Александрович Родин</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Rodin</p><p>1 bld. 3 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p><p>8 bld. 2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ихалайнен</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikhalainen</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Андреевич Ихалайнен</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Ikhalainen</p><p>1 bld. 3 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Студеникин</surname><given-names>Ф. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Studenikin</surname><given-names>F. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Феликс Рикардович Студеникин</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Feliks R. Studenikin</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Петрович Черняев</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr P. Chernyaev</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шинкарев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shinkarev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Вадимович Шинкарев</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Shinkarev</p><p>1 bld. 2 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Юров</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Yurov</p><p>8 bld. 2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, физический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, химический факультет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, физический факультет; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, НИИ ядерной физики им. Д. В. Скобельцына</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D. V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, химический факультет; Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Близнюк У.А., Авдюхина В.М., Борщеговская П.Ю., Болотник Т.А., Ипатова В.С., Родин И.А., Ихалайнен Ю.А., Студеникин Ф.Р., Черняев А.П., Шинкарев О.В., Юров Д.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Близнюк У.А., Авдюхина В.М., Борщеговская П.Ю., Болотник Т.А., Ипатова В.С., Родин И.А., Ихалайнен Ю.А., Студеникин Ф.Р., Черняев А.П., Шинкарев О.В., Юров Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bliznyuk U.A., Avdyukhina V.M., Borshchegovskaya P.Y., Bolotnik T.A., Ipatova V.S., Rodin I.A., Ikhalainen Y.A., Studenikin F.R., Chernyaev A.P., Shinkarev O.V., Yurov D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1426">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1426</self-uri><abstract><p>При проведении радиационной обработки продуктов питания для увеличения срока их хранения возможно протекание химических превращений, инициированных свободными радикалами, в частности, в результате окисления липидов образуются летучие соединения (спирты, альдегиды, кетоны и др.), ухудшающие органолептические свойства продукции. Метод газовой хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС) позволяет установить сам факт обработки продуктов питания путем идентификации летучих соединений-маркеров: в случае мясной продукции существующий стандарт регламентирует обнаружение 2-алкилциклобутанонов, однако для продуктов с пониженным содержанием жира (индейка, курица) необходим альтернативный маркер. Представлены результаты исследования зависимости микробиологических показателей и содержания различных летучих органических веществ в охлажденном мясе индейки от дозы электронного излучения с использованием метода ГХ-МС. Определены зависимости содержания спиртов, кетонов и альдегидов (11 соединений) от дозы облучения: их общее содержание экспоненциально уменьшается с ростом поглощенной дозы. Установлено, что с увеличением дозы облучения возрастает содержание карбонильных соединений (альдегидов и ацетона), что приводит к специфическому вкусу и запаху облученной продукции. При этом концентрация ацетона линейно увеличивается с ростом поглощенной дозы, что позволяет использовать ацетон в качестве потенциального маркера степени облучения маложирной мясной продукции. На основании проведенных исследований выделен «рабочий» диапазон доз облучения (0,5 – 1 кГр) для значительного угнетения патогенной микрофлоры при сохранении органолептических показателей продукта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Radiation treatment of food products carried out to increase their shelf life can result in chemical transformations initiated by free radicals. Volatile compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.) formed, in particular, as a result of lipid oxidation, impair the organoleptic properties of products. Method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) makes it possible to identify the fact of food processing by detection of volatile marker compounds: in the case of meat products, the existing standard brings under regulation detection of 2-alkylcyclobutanones, however, the products with a reduced fat content, such as turkey and chicken, require an alternative marker. The results of GKh-MS study revealed the dependence of microbiological parameters and the content of various volatile organic substances in chilled turkey meat on the dose of electron radiation. It is shown that the total amount of alcohols, ketones and aldehydes (11 compounds) decreases exponentially with an increase in the absorbed dose. An increase in the radiation dose leads to a higher content of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and acetone), which results in a specific taste and smell of the irradiated products. At the same time, the acetone concentration increases linearly with the absorbed dose, which makes it possible to use acetone as a potential marker of the degree of irradiation of low-fat meat products. Irradiation in the «working» doses (0.5 – 1 kGy) significantly suppresses the pathogenic microflora and keeps the organoleptic properties of the product.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радиационная обработка продуктов питания</kwd><kwd>мясная продукция</kwd><kwd>ускоритель электронов</kwd><kwd>мощность дозы</kwd><kwd>дозиметрический контроль</kwd><kwd>методы химического и микробиологического анализа продуктов питания</kwd><kwd>парофазный анализ</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматография масс-спектрометрия (ГХ-МС)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radiation treatment of food products</kwd><kwd>meat products</kwd><kwd>electron accelerator</kwd><kwd>absorbed dose</kwd><kwd>dosage rate</kwd><kwd>radiological monitoring</kwd><kwd>chemical and microbiological analysis of food</kwd><kwd>headspace analysis</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы работы выражают благодарность ФГБНУ ВИЛАР за плодотворное сотрудни¬чество.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кодекс Алиментариус. 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