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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-7-49-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1454</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛА: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследования свойств материалов при сложных условиях малоциклового деформирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the properties of materials under complicated conditions of low cycle deformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махутов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhutov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Андреевич Махутов</p><p>101990, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Makhutov</p><p>4, Maly Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safety@imash.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаденин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadenin</surname><given-names>М. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Матвеевич Гаденин</p><p>101990, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Gadenin</p><p>4, Maly Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявский</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniavsky</surname><given-names>О. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Федорович Чернявский</p><p>454080, Челябинск, проспект Ленина, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg F. Cherniavsky</p><p>76, Lenina prosp., Chelyabinsk, 454080</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявский</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniavsky</surname><given-names>A. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Олегович Чернявский</p><p>454080, Челябинск, проспект Ленина, д. 76</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr O. Cherniavsky</p><p>76, Lenina prosp., Chelyabinsk, 454080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.o.cher@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University (national research university)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Махутов Н.А., Гаденин М.М., Чернявский О.Ф., Чернявский А.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Махутов Н.А., Гаденин М.М., Чернявский О.Ф., Чернявский А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhutov N.A., Gadenin М.M., Cherniavsky О.F., Cherniavsky A.О.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1454">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1454</self-uri><abstract><p>Работоспособность конструкций при сложных комбинированных режимах нагружения зависит от значительного числа сочетаний эксплуатационных параметров термомеханических воздействий по нагрузкам, температурам, временам, числам циклов, скоростям деформирования. Основные закономерности деформирования конструкционных материалов при сложных режимах устанавливаются при комбинированных стандартных, унифицированных и специальных испытаниях в лабораторных условиях. С использованием представительных обоснований физико-механических моделей для диаграмм деформирования в широком диапазоне условий нагружения, с учетом разномасштабности моделей, структуры материалов и ответственности конструкций предлагается постадийное рассмотрение соответствующих типов деформирования: упругого, знакопеременного течения, прогрессирующего накопления деформаций и их комбинации. Расчеты конструкций при этом могут быть построены в виде иерархической системы, в которой каждый следующий уровень уточняет границы допустимых воздействий в сторону расширения области действующих нагрузок, температур, скоростей и режимов деформирования, что сопряжено с увеличением объема требуемых исходных данных и усложнением расчетов. Предлагаемые способы схематизации физико-механических свойств и типы уравнений состояния для описания кривых деформирования учитывают требования компактности исходных данных и необходимость использования как стандартных и унифицированных методов определения характеристик циклического неупругого деформирования, так и специальных методов. Для описания кинетики диаграмм деформирования в рассматриваемых условиях как с теоретических позиций, так и с точки зрения практических приложений наиболее обоснованными являются степенные уравнения, для отражения роли температурного фактора — экспоненциальные зависимости, для учета факторов времени, скорости деформирования и условий двухчастотности нагружения — степенные зависимости. Уточненные расчеты на высших, более сложных ступенях рассматриваемой иерархии, обеспечивающие максимально возможное использование деформационных и прочностных резервов материалов и конструкций, должны основываться на кинетических закономерностях, описывающих процессы малоциклового деформирования при сложных режимах нагружения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Operational integrity of structures under complex combined modes of a loading depends on a significant number of combinations of operational parameters of thermomechanical impacts in part of loads, temperatures, duration, number of cycles, and deformation rates. The main laws governing the deformation of structural materials under complex loading are determined in conditions of combined standard, unified and special tests in laboratories. Using representative substantiations of physical and mechanical models for deformation diagrams in a wide range of loading conditions, taking into account the different scales of models, the structure of materials and the responsibility of structures, a stepwise consideration of the corresponding types of deformation is proposed: elastic, sign-variable flow, progressing accumulation of strains and their combination. At the same time, calculations of the structures can be carried out in the form of a hierarchical system in which each next level specifies the boundaries of permissible impacts towards expansion of the range of acting loadings, temperatures, rates and modes of deformation, which entails an increase in the bulk of the required initial data and complicates the calculations. The proposed methods of schematization of the physicomechanical properties and types of the equations of state for description of the deformation curves take into account the requirements of compactness of the initial data and the need of using both standard and unified methods for determining the characteristics of cyclic inelastic deformation and special methods as well. To describe the kinetics of deformation diagrams under aforementioned conditions both from the theoretical point of view and from the point of view of practical applications, power equations appeared most suitable; to reflect the role of the temperature factor exponential dependences should be used; whereas power dependences are useful to take into account time factors, strain rate, and conditions of two-frequency loading. The refined calculations at the higher and more complicated steps of the considered hierarchy providing the maximum possible use of the deformation and strength reserves of the materials and structures are to be based on the kinetic laws describing processes of low cycle deformation under complex modes of loading.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малоцикловая усталость</kwd><kwd>диаграмма деформирования</kwd><kwd>свойства материалов</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>режимы нагружения</kwd><kwd>уравнения состояния</kwd><kwd>модели деформирования</kwd><kwd>иерархическая система расчетов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low cycle fatigue</kwd><kwd>deformation diagram</kwd><kwd>properties of materials</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>modes of loading</kwd><kwd>equations of state</kwd><kwd>deformation models</kwd><kwd>hierarchical system of calculations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makhutov N. 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