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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-12-73-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА СООТВЕТСТВИЯ. АККРЕДИТАЦИЯ ЛАБОРАТОРИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION. LABORATORY ACCREDITATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Валидация экспертной методики «Обнаружение конденсированных следов продуктов выстрела, содержащих соединения тяжелых металлов, на различных объектах методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии и рентгеноспектрального микроанализа»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Validation of the expert methodology «Detection of condensed traces of the gunshot residue containing heavy metal compounds on various objects by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Аркадьевна Смирнова</p><p>109028, Москва, Хохловский пер., д. 13; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Smirnova</p><p>13-2, Khokhlovsky per., Moscow, 109028; , Miklukho-Maklaya ul., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">109382@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Борисович Афанасьев</p><p>109028, Москва, Хохловский пер., д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya B. Afanasyev</p><p>13-2, Khokhlovsky per., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">109382@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бебешко</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bebeshko</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Ивановна Бебешко</p><p>109028, Москва, Хохловский пер., д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina I. Bebeshko</p><p>13-2, Khokhlovsky per., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">109382@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельянюк</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omel’yanyuk</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Георгиевич Омельянюк</p><p>109028, Москва, Хохловский пер., д. 13; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6; 105005, Москва, 2-я Бауманская ул., д. 5, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgii G. Omel’yanyuk</p><p>13-2, Khokhlovsky per., Moscow, 109028; , Miklukho-Maklaya ul., Moscow, 117198; 5-1, 2ya Baumanskaya ul., Moscow, 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.omelyanyuk@sudexpert.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве Юстиции Российской Федерации; Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве Юстиции Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский центр судебной экспертизы при Министерстве Юстиции Российской Федерации; Российский университет дружбы народов; Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; RUDN University; N. É. Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова С.А., Афанасьев И.Б., Бебешко Г.И., Омельянюк Г.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С.А., Афанасьев И.Б., Бебешко Г.И., Омельянюк Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.A., Afanasyev I.B., Bebeshko G.I., Omel’yanyuk G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1545">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1545</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены и рассмотрены результаты валидации судебно-экспертной качественной методики тестирования, которая заключается в обнаружении на объектах исследования конденсированных следов продуктов выстрела (ПВ) в виде отдельных микрочастиц и их идентификации методами электронной микроскопии и рентгеноспектрального микроанализа с использованием сканирующего электронного микроскопа Mira III (Tescan, Чехия), оснащенного системой рентгеноспектрального микроанализа INCA GSR 450 (Oxford Nanoanalysis, Великобритания). Описаны процедура обнаружения частиц ПВ, содержащих соединения тяжелых металлов, системы классификации частиц ПВ и интерпретация результатов тестирования. Подтверждена пригодность методики для решения судебно-экспертных задач. Процедура валидации заключалась в оценке надежности (reliability) путем сравнения результатов тестирования, полученных экспертами (А и Б) в двух лабораториях в разное время с использованием одного и того же прибора, и в подтверждении компетентности экспертов по результатам выполнения «слепых» испытаний. Использовали стандартный образец ENFSI GSR PT 2018 A-03-07. «Слепое» испытание заключалось в установлении каждым из экспертов наличия и количества частиц, классифицированных как ПВ, в контрольных пробах, отобранных в баллистической лаборатории в ходе натурного эксперимента: с рук стрелявшего; с рук не стрелявшего человека; без наслоений микрочастиц (чистый столик электронного микроскопа). Надежность методики характеризуется показателем (вероятностью) правильных результатов обнаружения частиц ПВ в стандартном образце не менее 95,8 % и низкой долей ложных результатов (не более 5,4 %). Компетентность экспертов подтверждена получением в разных лабораториях совпадающих результатов «слепого» испытания контрольных натурных проб, содержащих и не содержащих частицы ПВ. Результаты валидации указывают на пригодность методики для получения надежной и достоверной информации о наличии частиц продуктов выстрела на объектах исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present and discuss the results of the validation of a forensic qualitative testing technique which consists in the detection of condensed traces of the gunshot residue (GSR) in the form of individual microparticles on the objects under study and their identification by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) using a scanning electron microscope Mira III (Tescan, Czech Republic) equipped with a system of X-ray microanalysis INCA GSR 450 (Oxford Nanoanalysis, Great Britain). The procedure for detecting GSR particles containing heavy metal compounds, systems of their classification and interpretation of test results are described. The suitability of the methodology for solving forensic problems has been confirmed. The validation procedure consists in assessing the reliability by comparing the test results obtained by experts (A and B) in two laboratories at different times using the same device, and in confirming the competence of experts proceeding from the results of blind tests. A standard sample ENFSI GSR PT 2018 A-03-07 is used. Each of the experts determined the number of particles classified as GSR present in control samples taken in a ballistic laboratory during a full-scale experiment: from the hands of the shooter; from the hands of a person who did not shoot; without microparticles (clean stage of an electron microscope). The reliability of the technique is characterized by the index (probability) of correct results of detecting GSR particles in the standard sample of at least 95.8% and by a small proportion of false results (no more than 5.4%). The competence of the experts is proved by the consistent results of «blind» testing of control full-scale samples, containing and not containing GSR particles obtained in different laboratories. The results of the validation indicate the suitability of the method for obtaining reliable and valid information about the presence of GSR particles on the objects under study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конденсированные следы продуктов выстрела</kwd><kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>рентгеноспектральный микроанализ</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>качественная методика тестирования</kwd><kwd>надежность методики</kwd><kwd>компетентность эксперта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>condensed traces of the gunshot residue</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>qualitative testing technique</kwd><kwd>reliability of the method</kwd><kwd>competence of expert</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heard B. J. 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