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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-4-58-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1647</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛА: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние отверстий на снижение прочности композитных образцов с различной укладкой волокон</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of holes on the reduction of the strength of composite specimens with different laying of fibers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татусь</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatus</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonyevsky Per., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikalet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полилов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polilov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonyevsky Per., 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский переулок, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonyevsky Per., 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Татусь Н.А., Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Татусь Н.А., Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tatus N.A., Polilov A.N., Vlasov D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1647">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1647</self-uri><abstract><p>Способы крепления элементов конструкций, выполненных из волокнистых композитов, к другим элементам конструкций практически не отличаются от применяемых для металлов. При наиболее распространенном болтовом креплении в элементе высверливают отверстие, т.е. удаляют часть материала элемента, вследствие чего около отверстия возникает концентрация напряжений. Поэтому при проектировании и расчете болтовых соединений металлических элементов ответственных конструкций возникают определенные сложности. Ясно, что применение композитов связано с большими проблемами. В этом случае одновременно изготавливают и элемент конструкции, и материал именно для этого элемента. Последующая механическая обработка крайне нежелательна, поскольку нарушает целостность элемента и, следовательно, несущую способность всей конструкции. На 90 % эффективность применения композитов зависит от технологии изготовления материала-элемента. Цель данной работы — экспериментально-теоретическое исследование влияния отверстий, изготовленных по различным технологиям, на снижение прочности стеклопластиковых образцов с различными схемами укладки волокон. Проведено сравнение коэффициента концентрации напряжений с коэффициентами снижения прочности для отверстий, изготовленных сверлением и раздвижением волокон без их разрушения. Представлены результаты испытаний на растяжение специально изготовленных композитных образцов с центральными отверстиями и разными структурами армирования: [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit0">0</xref>], [0/90], [0/±45/90]. Рассчитанные по результатам эксперимента коэффициенты снижения прочности оказались значительно ниже коэффициентов концентрации напряжений. Рассмотрены причины данного эффекта, а также дана оценка характерного радиуса кривизны после «затупления» отверстия в композитном образце. Полученные результаты исследования позволили сделать выводы об эффективности технологии получения отверстий в композитных образцах без разрушения волокон, а также о влиянии числа семейств волокон на коэффициент снижения прочности около отверстий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The methods of fastening structural elements made of fiber composites to other structural elements are almost the same as those used for metals. With the most common bolting, a hole is drilled in the element, i.e., a part of the material is removed, thus resulting in a stress concentration near the hole. Certain difficulties can thus arise in designing and calculating of bolted joints of metal elements of critical structures. The use of composites is associated with more serious problems. In this case, both the structural element and the material for this element are manufactured simultaneously. Subsequent machining is quite undesirable, since it violates the integrity of the element and, consequently, the bearing capacity of the entire structure. The efficiency of using composites depends on the technology of manufacturing the material of the element by 90%. We present the results of experimental and theoretical study of the effect of holes made by different technologies on the strength and bearing capacity of fiberglass specimens with different fiber laying patterns. The stress concentration coefficient is compared with the strength reduction coefficients for the holes made by drilling and by expanding the fibers without their damage. The results of tensile tests of specially made composite specimens with different reinforcement structures: [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit0">0</xref>], [0/90], [0/±45/90] and with central holes are presented. The strength reduction factors calculated from the results of the experiment turned out to be significantly lower than the stress concentration factors. The reasons for this effect are considered and an estimate of the characteristic curvature radius formed after «blunting» of a hole in a composite specimen is given. The obtained results of the study made it possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the technology for hole production in composite samples without breaking fibers, as well as about the effect of the number of fiber families on the strength reduction coefficient near the holes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стеклопластик</kwd><kwd>коэффициент концентрации напряжений</kwd><kwd>коэффициент снижения прочности</kwd><kwd>«обтекание» отверстия волокнами</kwd><kwd>структура армирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiberglass</kwd><kwd>glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP)</kwd><kwd>stress concentration factor</kwd><kwd>strength reduction factor</kwd><kwd>fiber flow around the hole</kwd><kwd>reinforcement structure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timoshenko S. P. 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