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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-9-7-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Печной источник с электронной ионизацией для калибровки спектрометра в целях прецизионного определения масс сверхтяжелых элементов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Furnace ion source with electron ionization for calibrating a spectrometer for precise determination of masses of superheavy elements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyachenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Александрович Дьяченко</p><p>198095, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ивана Черных, д. 31 – 33А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artyem A. Dyachenko</p><p>31 – 33A, Ivana Chernykh ul., St. Petersburg, 198095</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beni-chester94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Александрович Громов</p><p>194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Gromov</p><p>26, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурадымов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muradymov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Зарифович Мурадымов</p><p>198095, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ивана Черных, д. 31 – 33А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat Z. Muradymov</p><p>31 – 33A, Ivana Chernykh ul., St. Petersburg, 198095</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Андреевна Беляева</p><p>199155, г. Санкт-Петербург, Железноводская ул., д. 17/5Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Belyaeva</p><p>17/5D, Zheleznovodskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 199155</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галль</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gall</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Ростиславович Галль</p><p>194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nickolay R. Gall</p><p>26, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Явор</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yavor</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Игоревич Явор</p><p>198095, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ивана Черных, д. 31 – 33А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Yavor</p><p>31 – 33A, Ivana Chernykh ul., St. Petersburg, 198095</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Родин</p><p>141980, Московская обл., г. Дубна, ул. Жолио-Кюри, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Rodin</p><p>6, Zholio-Kyuri ul., Dubna, Moscow obl., 141980</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупа</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupa</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любош Крупа</p><p>141980, Московская обл., г. Дубна, ул. Жолио-Кюри, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luboš Krupa</p><p>6, Zholio-Kyuri ul., Dubna, Moscow obl., 141980</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Карпов</p><p>141980, Московская обл., г. Дубна, ул. Жолио-Кюри, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Karpov</p><p>6, Zholio-Kyuri ul., Dubna, Moscow obl., 141980</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Физико-технический институт им. А. Ф. Иоффе РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «МС-Био»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «MS-Bio»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт ядерных исследований</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дьяченко А.А., Громов И.А., Мурадымов М.З., Беляева О.А., Галль Н.Р., Явор М.И., Родин А.М., Крупа Л., Карпов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дьяченко А.А., Громов И.А., Мурадымов М.З., Беляева О.А., Галль Н.Р., Явор М.И., Родин А.М., Крупа Л., Карпов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dyachenko A.A., Gromov I.A., Muradymov M.Z., Belyaeva O.A., Gall N.R., Yavor M.I., Rodin A.M., Krupa L., Karpov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1743">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1743</self-uri><abstract><p>Точное определение масс изотопов сверхтяжелых элементов, получаемых при полном слиянии ионов 48Ca+ с такими мишенями, как Au, Pb, Bi, U, Pu, может дать ценную информацию о механизмах ядерных реакций, ведущих к образованию этих элементов. Такое определение возможно с использованием специализированного многооборотного времяпролетного масс-спектрометра. Источником целевых изотопов является циклотрон ДЦ-280 — «фабрика сверхтяжелых элементов» — в Объединенном институте ядерных исследований (ОИЯИ, г. Дубна). Особенность задачи состоит в том, что ионы сверхтяжелых элементов образуются достаточно редко даже в специализированном ускорителе ОИЯИ: во время последнего эксперимента частота их появления составила до 10 событий в день. Прецизионное определение массового числа требует сравнения времени пролета сверхтяжелого иона через масс-анализатор с аналогичным временем для иона калибранта, массовое число и заряд которого точно известны априори исходя из процесса его возникновения. Проведение такого масс-спектрометрического анализа потребовало разработки источника ионов, способного стабильно работать на протяжении длительного времени. Для решения этой задачи был рассмотрен ряд источников ионов. Обоснован выбор источника ионов с электронной ионизацией. Предложен и испытан такой источник с тиглем, в котором калибрант испаряется при нагреве. В качестве калибранта рассмотрены различные вещества (PbBr2, Nd, C60, фуллереновая сажа). Представлены масс-спектры соединений неодима и фуллереновой сажи. Показано, что использование последней является оптимальным, поскольку ее масс-спектр содержит пики ионов в интервале массовых чисел от 12 до 800 и выше, в частности, множество пиков в интересующей области массовых чисел 275 – 300 а.е.м. Экспериментально показано, что интенсивности пиков ионов в пределах указанного диапазона различаются меньше, чем на порядок величины, что обусловливает применение фуллереновой сажи в качестве стандартного образца для калибровки времяпролетного масс-спектрометра высокого разрешения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Precise determination of the isotope masses of superheavy elements obtained by the complete fusion of 48Ca+ ions with Au, Pb, Bi, U, and Pu targets can provide valuable information on the mechanisms of nuclear reactions leading to the formation of these elements. A specialized multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer is to be used to match the goal. The source of the target isotopes is a DC-280 cyclotron, a «factory of superheavy elements» at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna, Russia). The point of the problem is that ions of superheavy elements are formed quite rarely even in the specialized accelerator of JINR: during the last experiment, the frequency of their appearance was up to 10 events per day. Precise determination of the mass number requires comparing the time of flight of a superheavy ion through a mass analyzer with the same time for a calibrant ion, the mass number and charge of which are precisely known a priori from the process of its formation. Implementation of such a mass spectrometric analysis required the development of an ion source capable of stable operation for a long time. To solve the problem, a number of ion sources were considered. The choice of an ion source with electron ionization is substantiated. A source with a crucible in which the calibrant evaporates during heating was proposed and tested. Various substances (PbBr2, Nd, C60, fullerene soot) were considered as a calibrant. The mass spectra of these compounds are presented, namely, the spectrum of neodymium compounds and the mass spectrum of fullerene soot. It is shown that the use of fullerene soot is optimal, since the mass spectrum of fullerene soot contains ions in the range of mass numbers from 12 to 800 and higher. Moreover, the mass spectrum of fullerene soot contains many peaks in the mass number region of interest 275 – 300 a.m.u. It has been experimentally shown that the ion intensities within the indicated range differ by less than an order of magnitude which makes the use of fullerene soot a standard sample for calibration of a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>печной источник</kwd><kwd>электронная ионизация</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>сверхтяжелые элементы</kwd><kwd>фуллерены</kwd><kwd>фуллереновая сажа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>furnace ion source</kwd><kwd>electron ionization</kwd><kwd>mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>superheavy elements</kwd><kwd>fullerene</kwd><kwd>fullerene soot</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oganessian Yu. Heaviest nuclei from 48Ca-induced reactions / J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 2007. Vol. 34. N 4. P. R165 – R242. 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