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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-9-16-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1744</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние солености воды на эффективность диспергентов нефти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of water salinity on the effectiveness of oil dispersants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ossipov</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Осипов</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Ossipov</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipov.kb@stratasolutions.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокочунина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokochunina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Мокочунина</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Mokochunina</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панюкова</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panyukova</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Игоревна Панюкова</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria I. Panyukova</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Васильевна Трухина</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Trukhina</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марютина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maryutina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Марютина</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p><p>119334, Москва ул. Косыгина, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Maryutina</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Страта Солюшенс»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Strata Solutions</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Страта Солюшенс»; Институт геохимии и аналитической химии им. В. И. Вернадского Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Strata Solutions</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипов К., Мокочунина Т.В., Панюкова Д.И., Трухина М.В., Марютина Т.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипов К., Мокочунина Т.В., Панюкова Д.И., Трухина М.В., Марютина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ossipov K., Mokochunina T.V., Panyukova D.I., Trukhina M.V., Maryutina T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1744">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1744</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности применения ряда промышленно выпускаемых диспергентов (Finasol OSR 52 (Франция), Slickgone NS и Slickgone EW (Великобритания)) для ликвидации разливов трех образцов сырой нефти, добываемых на территории Российской Федерации и отличающихся по физико-химическим свойствам (особо легкая, тяжелая и битуминозная), в водах различной солености. Для оценки использовали адаптированный вариант стандартной лабораторной методики ASTM F2059-17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Swirling Flask» (так называемый SFT-тест). Низкоэнергетическая методика выбрана для установления условно нижних границ эффективности применения диспергентов. Сравнительные испытания эффективности диспергентов были осуществлены при максимальном разрешенном на территории Российской Федерации в соответствии со СТО 318.4.02–2005 «Правила применения диспергентов для ликвидации разливов нефти» отношении диспергент – нефть, равном 1:10, температуре воды плюс 20 °C и ее солености, равной 0, 5, 10, 20 и 35 ‰. Выявлено, что исследуемые диспергенты малоэффективны для рассеивания тестируемых образцов нефти при солености воды, равной 35 ‰. Показана общая тенденция увеличения эффективности диспергентов при уменьшении солености воды. Установлено, что все рассматриваемые препараты непригодны для применения во всем изучаемом интервале солености в случае разлива битуминозной нефти с высоким содержанием асфальтенов и полярных соединений. Для всех диспергентов определены границы их использования в зависимости от солености воды. В качестве порогового принято значение эффективности, равное 45 %, законодательно утвержденное в США и Мексике. Доказано, что вследствие неуниверсальности действия диспергентов перед их применением необходимо проведение предварительной экспериментальной проверки их эффективности с использованием образца разлитой нефти в климатических и гидрохимических условиях, соответствующих потенциальному району применения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the industrially produced oil spill dispersants (Finasol OSR 52 (France), Slickgone NS and Slickgone EW (United Kingdom)) was carried out. The effectiveness of dispersants was assessed using three samples of domestic crude oil with different physical and chemical properties (extra light, heavy, and bituminous oil) in water samples of various salinity. An adapted version of ASTM F2059–17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Swirling Flask» (the so-called SFT test) was used for evaluation. The low-energy technique was chosen to determine conditionally lower limits of the dispersant effectiveness. Comparative tests were carried out at the highest dispersant-to-oil ratio 1:10 allowed in the Russian Federation (according to STO 318.4.02–2005 «Rules of dispersant application for oil spill response»), water temperature 20°C and water salinity 0, 5, 10, 20, and 35‰. It is shown that the dispersants are poorly effective in dispersing the considered oil samples at water salinity 35‰. A general trend of increasing the dispersant effectiveness with a decrease in water salinity is demonstrated. It is shown that all tested dispersants are not suitable for application in the studied range of water salinity in the event of spill of the bituminous oil with a high content of asphaltenes and polar compounds. For all dispersants, the limits of their application are determined depending on the salinity of water. The effectiveness value equal to 45 % legally approved in the USA and Mexico was taken as a threshold value. The revealed lack of the dispersant versality necessitates preliminary experimental testing using a sample of spilled oil under climatic and hydrochemical conditions corresponding to the potential area of their application.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диспергент</kwd><kwd>сырая нефть</kwd><kwd>соленость воды</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>лабораторная методика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dispersant</kwd><kwd>crude oil</kwd><kwd>water salinity</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>laboratory procedure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonvicini S., Bernardini G., Scarponi G. E., et al. A methodology for Response Gap Analysis in offshore oil spill emergency management / Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2022. Vol. 174. 113272. 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