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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-7-51-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1976</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛА: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о причинах преждевременного разрушения пружин предохранительных клапанов на установках первичной переработки нефти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the reasons for the premature failure of safety valve springs in the equipment of the primary oil refining</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тупицин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tupitsin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Андреевич Тупицин</p><p>400078, г. Волгоград, просп. им. В. И. Ленина, д. 98Б</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Tupitsin</p><p>98b, prosp. Lenina, Volgograd, 400078</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matupicin@vnikti.rosneft.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тришкина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trishkina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Тришкина</p><p>400078, г. Волгоград, просп. им. В. И. Ленина, д. 98Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Trishkina</p><p>98b, prosp. Lenina, Volgograd, 400078</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сторожева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storozheva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Ивановна Сторожева</p><p>400078, г. Волгоград, просп. им. В. И. Ленина, д. 98Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina I. Storozheva</p><p>98b, prosp. Lenina, Volgograd, 400078</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и конструкторско-технологический институт оборудования нефтеперерабатывающей и нефтехимической промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research, Design and Technological Institute of Oil Refining and Petrochemical Equipment</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тупицин М.А., Тришкина И.А., Сторожева Е.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тупицин М.А., Тришкина И.А., Сторожева Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tupitsin M.A., Trishkina I.A., Storozheva E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1976">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1976</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследованы причины преждевременного разрушения пружины (из стали 50ХФА), которую использовали в предохранительном клапане шлемовой части колонны. Разрушение пружины произошло после семи лет эксплуатации при температуре менее 90 °C; рабочая среда трубопровода – светлые нефтепродукты (сернистый бензин). Для исследований применяли методы визуально-измерительного контроля, общий химический анализ состава стали, энергодисперсионный анализ металла в локальных областях, измерения твердости и микротвердости, микроструктурный анализ металла, макрофрактографию, электронную фрактографию, фазовый химический, фазовый рентгеноструктурный анализы, восстановительную термическую обработку. Выявлены характерные внешние признаки, типичные микроповреждения и механизмы сульфидного (водородного) коррозионного растрескивания высокопрочной стали 50ХФА с наиболее опасным сопутствующим процессом – наводороживанием. Анализ химического состава и твердости металла удовлетворяет требованиям стандартов на данную сталь. Микроструктура исследуемого металла представляет собой мартенсит отпуска с наличием в поверхностных слоях обезуглероженного слоя до 0,158 мм. Результаты исследования показали, что преждевременное разрушение пружины обусловлено как технологической наследственностью, так и эксплуатационными факторами (контактом с рабочей средой, не предусмотренным проектом). Отмечены язвенные повреждения поверхности металла с проникновением в глубинные слои продуктов коррозии вследствие нарушения целостности покрытия пружины, что указывает на низкую стойкость стали 50ХФА к низкотемпературной сероводородной коррозии. Разрушение происходило преимущественно возле неметаллических включений по границам первичных аустенитных зерен, где дислоцируются наиболее крупные выделения карбидов хрома, а также по межфазным границам ориентированных пластинок карбидов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The reasons for the premature failure of a spring made of steel 50KhFA used in the safety valve of the column head part of the flare facility were analyzed. The failure of the spring occurred after 7 years of operation at a temperature below 90°C in a working environment of light oil products (sulfurous gasoline). Visual and measurement control, chemical analysis of the steel composition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of metal in local areas, macro- and microstructural analysis, macro- and electron fractography, phase chemical and X-ray structural analysis, hardness and microhardness tests and reductive heat treatment were used in the research. The data on the characteristic external signs, typical micro damages, and the mechanism of destruction under low-temperature hydrogen sulfide corrosion of steel 50KhFA with hydrogenation, the most dangerous accompanying process, were gained in the study. According to the results obtained, the chemical composition and hardness of the spring metal meet the requirements of the standards for steel 50KhFA. The microstructure of the studied metal is tempered martensite with a decarburized layer up to 0.158 mm in thickness present on the surface. The analysis of the results showed that the premature failure of the spring is attributed both to technological heredity and contact with the working environment unauthorized by the project. An ulcerative damage of the metal surface and penetrating of corrosion products into the depth of metal due to violation of the integrity of the spring coating were revealed, which indicates a low resistance of 50KhFA steel to low-temperature hydrogen sulfide corrosion. The failure occurs predominantly near non-metallic inclusions along the boundaries of primary austenitic grains, where the largest precipitates of chromium carbides are located, as well as along the interphase boundaries of oriented carbide plates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сталь 50ХФА</kwd><kwd>пружина</kwd><kwd>предохранительный клапан</kwd><kwd>разрушение</kwd><kwd>излом</kwd><kwd>низкотемпературная сероводородная коррозия</kwd><kwd>растрескивание</kwd><kwd>механизм разрушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steel 50KhFA</kwd><kwd>spring</kwd><kwd>safety valve</kwd><kwd>failure</kwd><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>low-temperature hydrogen sulfide corrosion</kwd><kwd>cracking</kwd><kwd>failure mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makaryants G. M. 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