<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-7-78-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-1979</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неопределенность: качественный и количественный аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Uncertainty: qualitative and quantitative aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Юрьевич Колесников</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugeny Yu. Kolesnikov</p><p>29, Politekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.konik@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колесников Е.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колесников Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1979">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/1979</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведен анализ понятия неопределенности, его происхождения, толкования в различных научных областях, источников неопределенности, качественного и количественного аспектов данного понятия, а также подходов к количественной оценке неопределенности. Использованы методы исторического и сравнительного анализов. Показана необходимость учета наличия и количественной оценки неопределенности результатов математического моделирования объектов и явлений окружающего мира аналогично тому, как это делается при оценке измерительной неопределенности результатов экспериментальных исследований. Сделан вывод о том, что наиболее перспективным представляется интервальный подход к оценке неопределенности результатов моделирования. Понятие неопределенности, впервые предложенное в начале прошлого века, означало неполноту или несовершенство имеющейся информации. Долгое время это понятие имело лишь качественный аспект. Во второй половине XX века, практически одновременно с развитием риск-ориентированного подхода в сфере техногенной безопасности, возник интерес к пониманию неопределенности, ее происхождению и типизации. Приданию неопределенности количественного аспекта мы обязаны метрологии, в которой вместо парадигмы погрешности измерения была разработана парадигма измерительной неопределенности, предложены подходы (отчасти спорные) к ее количественной оценке. Неопределенность — атрибут результата любого исследования, полученного экспериментально или теоретическим методом (обычно математическим моделированием). В области экспериментальных исследований указание интервала неопределенности результата давно уже является научным стандартом и рутиной. Пришло время сделать это обязательным и для результатов теоретических исследований. К настоящему времени разработаны три альтернативных метода количественной оценки неопределенности — вероятностный, нечеткий и интервальный. В современном интервальном анализе разработаны методы нивелирования негативных особенностей его первоначальной, «наивной» версии. Интервальный анализ представляется сегодня наиболее перспективным методом количественной оценки неопределенности результатов математического моделирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis the concept of uncertainty, its origin, interpretation in various scientific fields, sources of uncertainty, qualitative and quantitative aspects of this concept, as well as approaches to quantifying uncertainty are presented. Methods of historical and comparative analysis were used in the study. The main conclusion is the necessity of taking into account the presence of uncertainty and quantification of uncertainty of the results of mathematical modeling of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world in the same way as we do when assessing measurement uncertainty of experimental data. In is shown that the interval approach to estimating uncertainty of modeling results currently seems to be the most promising. The concept of uncertainty first proposed at the beginning of the last century refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. This concept had only a qualitative aspect for a long time. In the second half of the twentieth century, almost simultaneously with the development of a risk-based approach in the field of technological security, there was an interest in understanding uncertainty, its origin and typification. We are indebted to metrology for giving uncertainty a quantitative aspect, in which, instead of the measurement error paradigm, a measurement uncertainty paradigm was developed, and approaches (partly controversial) to its quantitative assessment were proposed. Uncertainty is an attribute of any data obtained both experimentally or theoretically (currently, usually by mathematical modeling). In the field of experimental research, specifying the uncertainty interval of the result has long been a scientific standard and routine. The time has come to make it mandatory for the results of theoretical research. To date, three alternative methods of quantitative estimation of uncertainty have been developed: probabilistic, fuzzy and interval methods. Methods for leveling the negative features of its initial «naive» version have been proposed in modern interval analysis. It seems to be the most promising method of quantifying uncertainty of the results of mathematical modeling today.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неопределенность</kwd><kwd>качественный и количественный аспекты</kwd><kwd>количественная оценка неопределенности</kwd><kwd>вероятностная</kwd><kwd>нечеткая и интервальная постановки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uncertainty</kwd><kwd>qualitative and quantitative aspects</kwd><kwd>quantitative uncertainty assessment</kwd><kwd>probabilistic</kwd><kwd>fuzzy and interval statements</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA safety series # 100. evaluating the reliability of prediction made using environmental transfer models — IAEA, Vienna, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA safety series # 100. evaluating the reliability of prediction made using environmental transfer models — IAEA, Vienna, 1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Draft guidance document on characterizing and communicating uncertainty in exposure assessment. — IPCS, World health organization, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Draft guidance document on characterizing and communicating uncertainty in exposure assessment. — IPCS, World health organization, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравченко А. И. Тезисы о неопределенности / Universitates. 2014. ¹ 4. С. 14 – 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko A. I. Theses on uncertainty / Universitates 2014. N 4. P. 14 – 19 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giacomo P. News from the BIPM / Metrologia. 1981. Vol. 17 N 2. P. 69 – 74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giacomo P. News from the BIPM / Metrologia. 1981. Vol. 17 N 2. P. 69 – 74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty of Measurement. First edition. — Genève: ISO, 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty of Measurement. First edition. — Genève: ISO, 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International vocabulary of metrology. Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). 3rd edition. — JCGM, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International vocabulary of metrology. Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). 3rd edition. — JCGM, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РМГ 91–2009 ГСИ. Совместное использование понятий «погрешность измерения» и «неопределенность измерения». Общие принципы.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RMG 91–2009 GSI. Joint use of the concepts of «measurement error» and «measurement uncertainty». General principles [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JCGM 100:2008 GUM 1995 with minor corrections Evaluation of measurement data — Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. — Genève, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JCGM 100:2008 GUM 1995 with minor corrections Evaluation of measurement data — Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. — Genève, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесников Е. Ю. Об оценке неопределенности результатов анализа техногенного риска / Проблемы анализа риска. 2012. Т. 9. № 4. С. 8 – 46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov E. Yu. On assessing the uncertainty of the results of the analysis of technological risk / Probl. Anal. Riska. 2012. V. 9. N 4. P. 8 – 46 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесников Е. Ю. Количественное оценивание неопределенности техногенного риска. Часть 2 / Проблемы анализа риска. 2013. Т. 10. ¹ 3. С. 8 – 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov E. Yu. Quantitative assessment of the uncertainty of technogenic risk. Part 2 / Probl. Anal. Riska. 2013. Vol. 10. N 3. P. 8 – 31 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Mises R. Probability, Statistics and Truth. 2nd Edition. — New York, 1957.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Mises R. Probability, Statistics and Truth. 2nd Edition. — New York, 1957.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lotfi Z. Fuzzy sets / Information and Control. 1965. N 8. P. 338 – 353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lotfi Z. Fuzzy sets / Information and Control. 1965. N 8. P. 338 – 353.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьяконов А. Г. Теория нечетких множеств (МГУ, 2015). https://alexanderdyakonov.files.wordpress.com (дата обращения: 18.01.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyakonov A. G. Theory of fuzzy sets (MSU, 2015). https:// alexanderdyakonov.files.wordpress.com (accessed 18.01.2023) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young R. C. The algebra of many-valued quantities / Mathematische Annalen. 1931. Vol. 104(1). P. 260 – 290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young R. C. The algebra of many-valued quantities / Mathematische Annalen. 1931. Vol. 104(1). P. 260 – 290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moor R. Interval Analysis. — Englewood Cliff, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 1966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moor R. Interval Analysis. — Englewood Cliff, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 1966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарый С. П. Конечномерный интервальный анализ. — Новосибирск: XYZ, 2021 http://www.nsc.ru/interval/?page=Library/InteBooks (дата обращения: 21.02.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharyy S. P. Finite-dimensional interval analysis. — Novosibirsk: XYZ, 2021. http://www.nsc.ru/interval/?page=Library/InteBooks (accessed 21.02.2023) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вощинин А. П. Интервальный анализ данных: развитие и перспективы / Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 2002. Т. 68. № 1. С. 118 – 126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voshchinin A. P. Interval data analysis: development and prospects / Zavod. Lab. Diagn. Mater. 2002. Vol. 68. N 1. P. 118 – 126 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесников Е. Ю., Теляков Э. Ш. Терминологическая неопределенность: опыт количественной оценки / Безопасность труда в промышленности. 2016. ¹ 7. С. 82 – 88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov E. Yu., Telyakov E. Sh. Terminological uncertainty: experience of quantitative assessment / Bezopasn. Tr. Prom. 2016. N 7. P. 82 – 88 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
