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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-2-47-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение характеристик пористости пикнометрическими методами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the porosity characteristics by pycnometric methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анкудинов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ankudinov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Борисович Анкудинов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey B. Ankudinov</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-58@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алымов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alymov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иванович Алымов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, д. 8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Alymov</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p><p>8, ul. Akademika Osipyana, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast’, 142432</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelensky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Зеленский</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Zelensky</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустин</surname><given-names>Р. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustin</surname><given-names>R. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Дмитриевич Капустин</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman D. Kapustin</p><p>8, ul. Akademika Osipyana, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast’, 142432</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Сычев</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Sychev</p><p>8, ul. Akademika Osipyana, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast’, 142432</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Сергеевич Шустов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim S. Shustov</p><p>49, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения имени А. А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения имени А. А. Байкова РАН; Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения имени А. Г. Мержанова РАН,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS; Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения имени А. Г. Мержанова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анкудинов А.Б., Алымов М.И., Зеленский В.А., Капустин Р.Д., Сычев А.В., Шустов В.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анкудинов А.Б., Алымов М.И., Зеленский В.А., Капустин Р.Д., Сычев А.В., Шустов В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ankudinov A.B., Alymov M.I., Zelensky V.A., Kapustin R.D., Sychev A.E., Shustov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2120">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2120</self-uri><abstract><p>С помощью пикнометрических методов исследования пористой структуры твердых тел, основанных на измерении плотности, получают данные о распределении пор по размерам. В работе представлены результаты определения открытой пористости методами взвешивания сухого образца с последующим вакуумированием и насыщением дистиллированной водой при атмосферном давлении, пропитки водой под давлением с применением гидростата и ртутной порометрии. Исследовали образцы пористого никеля, полученные по порошковой технологии спеканием прессовок из смесей нанопорошка никеля с порошком порообразователя — бикарбоната аммония NH4HCO3, объемные доли которых составляли 80 и 20 % соответственно. Использовали порошковый порообразователь с дисперсностями частиц 63 – 125, 140 – 200 и 250 – 315 мкм. Для трех используемых методов определения открытой пористости проведена теоретическая оценка размера пор, доступных для проникновения пропитывающей жидкости. Показано, что при насыщении водой после вакуумирования жидкость может проникать только в поры, размер которых более 3 мкм. Кроме того, в случае пористых структур с большой долей субмикронных пор происходит существенное занижение действительных значений открытой пористости при применении метода насыщения дистиллированной водой после вакуумирования. Занижение тем больше, чем больше доля мелких пор в материале. Разница значений открытой пористости, полученных методами пропитки водой в гидростате и ртутной порометрии, незначительна. Установлено, что из трех рассмотренных методов определения открытой пористости только метод насыщения дистиллированной водой после вакуумирования не может использоваться при анализе структур с субмикронными порами. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки пористых функциональных материалов и изделий с заданной структурой пористости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Data on pore size distribution in solids are obtained by pycnometric density-based methods for measuring the pore structure of materials. The results of measuring open porosity by weighing a dry sample followed by evacuation and saturation with distilled water at atmospheric pressure, impregnation with water under pressure using a hydrostat and mercury porosimetry are presented. The samples of porous nickel obtained using powder technology by sintering of the compacts from mixtures of nickel nanopowder with powder ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 (a blowing agent), the volume fractions of which were 80 and 20%, respectively, were studied. A powder blowing agent with a particle size of 63 – 125, 140 – 200, and 250 – 315 μm was used. A theoretical estimation of the pore size available for the penetration of the impregnating liquid was carried out for three methods used for the determination of open porosity. It is shown that upon water saturation after evacuation the liquid can penetrate only into pores larger than 3 μm. Moreover, in porous structures with a large fraction of submicron pores, the actual values of the open porosity are significantly underestimated when using the method of saturation with distilled water after evacuation. The higher the fraction of fine pores in the material, the lower the open porosity value. The difference between the open porosity values determined by methods of water impregnation using a hydrostat and mercury porosimetry was negligible. It has been established that among three considered methods for measuring open porosity, only the method of saturation with distilled water after evacuation cannot be used in analysis of structures with submicron pores. The results obtained can be used to develop porous functional materials and products with a given porosity structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пористость</kwd><kwd>пористая структура</kwd><kwd>распределение пор по размерам</kwd><kwd>открытая пористость</kwd><kwd>закрытая пористость</kwd><kwd>плотность</kwd><kwd>никель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>porosity</kwd><kwd>porous structure</kwd><kwd>pore size distribution</kwd><kwd>open porosity</kwd><kwd>closed porosity</kwd><kwd>density</kwd><kwd>nickel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin S., Bo Y., Herzog S., et al. Influence of process parameters on porosity and hot cracking of AISI H13 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion / Powders. 2022. Vol. 1. P. 184 – 193. 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