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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-7-56-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2250</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Усталостное разрушение стали 316L, изготовленной методом селективного лазерного плавления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fatigue fracture of 316L steel manufactured by selective laser melting method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботвина</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Botvina</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Рафаиловна Ботвина </p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский просп., д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila R. Botvina </p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lbotvina@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белецкий</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belecky</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Николаевич Белецкий </p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский просп., д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Belecky </p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Демина </p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский просп., д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Demina </p><p>49 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119334, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Алексеевич Иванов </p><p>115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Ivanov </p><p>4, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А. А. Байкова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НПО «ЦНИИТМАШ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NPO «TsNIITMASh»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ботвина Л.Р., Белецкий Е.Н., Демина Ю.А., Иванов И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ботвина Л.Р., Белецкий Е.Н., Демина Ю.А., Иванов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Botvina L.S., Belecky E.N., Demina Y.A., Ivanov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2250">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2250</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучена кинетика малых трещин в образцах из стали 316L, изготовленной методом селективного лазерного плавления. Отмечена структурная чувствительность таких трещин, формирующихся на технологических дефектах на ранней стадии усталости. Развиваются они преимущественно по границам сплавления, их рост замедляется на границах ванн расплава. Увеличение раскрытия заторможенных трещин приводит к формированию пластической зоны в их вершинах, локализации деформации, затем — к уменьшению раскрытия и продолжению роста с увеличением числа циклов. Чередование процессов распространения и замедления малых трещин отражается на кинетической диаграмме усталостного разрушения, имеющей скоростные пороги роста, расстояние между которыми близко к шагу сканирования при изготовлении стали. Диаграмма описывается уравнением Пэриса с одинаковым показателем на стадии роста как малых, так и длинных трещин. Построенную кривую усталости сравнивали с кривыми усталости для того же материала, полученного традиционным и аддитивным методами. Показано, что построенная кривая, как и кривые усталости для подобного материала, описанные в литературных источниках, лежит много ниже кривой усталости для той же стали, изготовленной традиционным способом. Однако использование оптимальных режимов изготовления, как и проведение последующей термической обработки, приближает усталостные характеристики «аддитивной» стали к характеристикам стали, изготовленной традиционным методом. Изучен макро- и микрорельеф изломов образцов, выделены стадии стабильного и ускоренного развития трещины, оценены длины трещины на изломах, соответствующие этим стадиям, и описаны превалирующие механизмы разрушения на каждой стадии. Показано, что наблюдаемый перелом кривой усталости стали сопровождается увеличением поврежденности боковой поверхности образцов при повышении амплитуды напряжения и переходом к более вязкому рельефу изломов, что объясняется сменой плоскодеформированного на плосконапряженное состояние материала образца, реализующееся в вершине макротрещины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The kinetics of short cracks in 316L steel samples made by selective laser melting was studied. The structural sensitivity of such cracks, which form on technological defects at the early stage of fatigue is noted. The cracks develop predominantly along the fusion boundaries and slow down their growth at the boundaries of the melt pools. An increase in the crack opening of arrested cracks lead to the formation of a plastic zone at their tips, localization of deformation, a decrease in opening and continued growth with an increase in the number of cycles. The alternation of the processes of propagation and deceleration of short cracks during loading is reflected in the kinetic diagram of fatigue failure which has rate growth thresholds with spacing between them being close to the scanning step during steel manufacturing. The diagram is described by the Paris equation with the same exponent at the growth stage of both short and long cracks. The plotted fatigue curve was compared with fatigue curves for the same material produced by traditional and additive methods. It was shown that the plotted fatigue curve, as well as the fatigue curves for similar materials taken from literary sources, lie much lower than the fatigue curve for the same steel obtained by the traditional method. However, the use of optimal manufacturing modes, as well as subsequent heat treatment, leads to the fatigue characteristics of «additive» steel being similar to those of steels produced by the traditional method. The macro- and microrelief of the fracture surfaces of the samples was studied, the stages of stable and accelerated crack growth were identified, the crack lengths at fracture surfaces corresponding to these stages were evaluated and the predominate fracture mechanisms at each stage were described. It is shown that the observed knee point in the fatigue curve is accompanied by an increase in the damage of the lateral surface of the samples with an increase in the stress amplitude and transition to a more ductile fracture relief, which is explained by the switch from the plane-strain state to a plane-stressed state of the sample material realizing at the tip of the macrocrack.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые трещины</kwd><kwd>нержавеющая сталь 316L</kwd><kwd>селективное лазерное плавление</kwd><kwd>усталость</kwd><kwd>поврежденность</kwd><kwd>скорость роста усталостных трещин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small cracks</kwd><kwd>316L stainless steel</kwd><kwd>selective laser melting</kwd><kwd>fatigue</kwd><kwd>damage</kwd><kwd>fatigue crack growth rate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-19-00784).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herzog D., Seyda V., Wycisk E., Emmelmann C. 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