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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-7-84-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2253</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Информация Фишера, содержащаяся в неполных наблюдениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fisher information contained in incomplete observations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдушукуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdushukurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдурахим Ахмедович Абдушукуров </p><p>100060, Ташкент, пр. Амира Тимура, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdurakhim A. Abdushukurov </p><p>22, Amir Timur prosp., Tashkent, 100060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabitbek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нурмухамедова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurmukhamedova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наргиза Сайдиллаевна Нурмухамедова </p><p>100174, Ташкент, Университетская ул., д. 4</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nargiza S. Nurmukhamedova </p><p>4, Universitetskaya ul., Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rasulova_nargiza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрисбаев</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erisbaev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабитбек Эрисбаев </p><p>742012, Нукус, ул. Абдирова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabitbek A. Erisbaev </p><p>1, Abdirova ul., Nukus, 742012, Uzbekistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabitbek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал Московского государственного университета имени М. В. Ломоносова в городе Ташкенте</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent Branch of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный университет Узбекистана имени Мирзо Улугбека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Каракалпакский государственный университет имени Бердаха</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Berdakh Karakalpak State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абдушукуров А.А., Нурмухамедова Н.С., Эрисбаев С.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдушукуров А.А., Нурмухамедова Н.С., Эрисбаев С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdushukurov A.A., Nurmukhamedova N.S., Erisbaev S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2253">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2253</self-uri><abstract><p>Точность статистических оценок для неизвестных параметров распределений зависит не только от объема выборочных данных, но и от способа их получения. Одним из основных требований к сбору экспериментальных данных является их информативность. Задачи математической статистики, особенно параметрического оценивания по цензурированным наблюдениям, обладают специфическими особенностями. Типичными представителями моделей неполных наблюдений на прямой являются модели случайного цензурирования, конкурирующих рисков (однократного, многократного) случайного цензурирования. В работе показано, что не всегда цензурирование приводит к потере информации (Фишера). Если цензурирование информативное, т.е. распределение цензурирующих случайных величин зависит от того же параметра, то можно указать такую модель, где информация из-за цензурирования может и сохраняться. Наоборот, если цензурирование не информативное, то потеря информации неизбежна. Работа носит обзорный характер, основное внимание уделено результатам авторов работы, приведены также данные из современных литературных источников. За критерий качества оценки принята эффективность по Крамеру – Рао, а за критерий информации о неизвестном параметре — информация Фишера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The accuracy of statistical estimates of unknown distribution parameters depends not only on the bulk of sampling data but also on the method of data acquisition. The information content of experimental data is one of the basic requirements. Problems of mathematical statistics, in particular parametric estimation based on censored observations, have specific features. Typical representatives of models of incomplete observations on a straight line are models of random censoring, competing risks of (single, multiple) random censoring. The purpose of this study is to show that censoring does not always lead to loss of (Fisher) information. It is shown that if censoring is informative, i.e., the distribution of censoring random variables depends on the same parameter, it is possible to specify a model where information can be preserved due to censoring. On the contrary, if the censoring is not informative, then the loss of information is inevitable. The Cramer – Rao efficiency was taken as a criterion for the quality of the assessment, whereas the Fisher information was taken as the criterion for information about the unknown parameter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>информация Фишера</kwd><kwd>семейство распределений</kwd><kwd>интенсивность отказов</kwd><kwd>цензурирование</kwd><kwd>конкурирующие риски</kwd><kwd>неполные наблюдения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fisher information</kwd><kwd>distribution family</kwd><kwd>hazard rate</kwd><kwd>censorship</kwd><kwd>competing risks</kwd><kwd>incomplete observation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher R. A. Theory of Statistical Estimation / Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1925. P. 700 – 725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher R. A. 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