zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-10-46-55zldm-2313Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES INVESTIGATIONДеградации стали 20 при катодной поляризации и при водородном охрупчивании экранных труб парового котла в процессе эксплуатацииDegradation of steel 20 during cathodic polarization and hydrogen embrittlement of steam boiler screen pipes during operationШалагаевВ. В.ShalagaevV. V.

Владимир Валерьевич Шалагаев

197101, г. Санкт-Петербург, переулок Пушкарский, д. 9; 199178, г. Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, д. 61.

Vladimir V. Shalagaev

9, Pushkarskii pereulok, St. Petersburg, 197101; 61, Bolshoi prospekt, Vasil’evskii ostrov, St. Petersburg, 199178

НечаеваА. В.NechaevaA. V.

Анна Викторовна Нечаева

197101, г. Санкт-Петербург, переулок Пушкарский, д. 9

Anna V. Nechaeva

9, Pushkarskii pereulok, St. Petersburg, 197101

anna.nechaeva@ruslab.orgПолянскийВ. А.PolyanskiyV. A.

Владимир Анатольевич Полянский

199178, г. Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, д. 61

Vladimir A. Polyanskiy

61, Bolshoi prospekt, Vasil’evskii ostrov, St. Petersburg, 199178

ПолянскийА. М.PolyanskiyA. M.

Анатолий Митрофанович Полянский

194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, д. 29

Anatoliy M. Polyanskiy

29, Politekhnicheskaya ul, St. Petersburg, 194021

ЯковлевЮ. А.YakovlevYu. A.

Юрий Алексеевич Яковлев

199178, г. Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, д. 61

Yuriy A. Yakovlev

61, Bolshoi prospekt, Vasil’evskii ostrov, St. Petersburg, 199178

 

АО «Научно-диагностический центр «Научно-производственная фирма «Русская лаборатория»; Институт Проблем Машиноведения РАНРоссия«Scientific and Diagnostic Center «Research and Production Firm «Russian Laboratory»; Institute of Problems of Mechanical Science of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationАО «Научно-диагностический центр «Научно-производственная фирма «Русская лаборатория»Россия«Scientific and Diagnostic Center «Research and Production Firm «Russian Laboratory»Russian FederationИнститут Проблем Машиноведения РАНРоссияInstitute of Problems of Mechanical Science of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationООО «НПК ЭПТ»Россия«NPK EPT»Russian Federation20242210202490104655Copyright © Шалагаев В.В., Нечаева А.В., Полянский В.А., Полянский А.М., Яковлев Ю.А., 20242024Шалагаев В.В., Нечаева А.В., Полянский В.А., Полянский А.М., Яковлев Ю.А.Shalagaev V.V., Nechaeva A.V., Polyanskiy V.A., Polyanskiy A.M., Yakovlev Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2313

Исследовали свойства новых труб, труб, искусственно насыщенных водородом, и экранных труб котлов после длительной эксплуатации. Все трубы изготовлены из стали 20 по одним техническим условиям и подвергнуты идентичным режимам термообработки. Процесс охрупчивания оценивали по изменениям микроструктурного строения и механических свойств стали, выявляли механизм водородной атаки на исследуемые объекты. У искусственно насыщенных труб обнаружено отсутствие обезуглероживания, характерного для естественно насыщенных труб, и снижения предела временного сопротивления. Отмечен различный характер растрескивания труб: траснкристаллитный при искусственном насыщении водородом и интеркристаллитный — при естественном насыщении. При этом характеры изломов (с площадками водородной хрупкости) и средние концентрации накопленного водорода у искусственно наводороженных и наводороженных в процессе эксплуатации труб были идентичны. Зафиксированы существенные различия физико-механических свойств всех трех видов труб, что делает невозможным перенос результатов, полученных на модельных образцах, искусственно насыщенными водородом, на реально эксплуатируемые объекты.

The paper examines the differences in the properties of new pipes, pipes artificially saturated with hydrogen and boiler screen pipes after long-term operation. The embrittlement process was studied by observing changes in the microstructural structure, mechanical properties and identifying the mechanism of hydrogen attack on the objects under study. It was discovered that there was no decarbonization characteristic of natural saturation with hydrogen and a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength of artificially saturated pipes. The nature of cracking was also different — transcrystalline with artificial saturation and intercrystalline with natural saturation. At the same time, the nature of the fractures — with areas of hydrogen fragility — and the average concentrations of accumulated hydrogen in pipes artificially hydrogenated and hydrogenated during operation were identical. Significant differences in the physical and mechanical properties of all three types of pipes have been recorded, which makes it impossible to transfer the results obtained with model samples artificially saturated with hydrogen to actually operated objects.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.