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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-2-5-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лабораторное изучение основных процессов выветривания нефти при ее разливе в морской акватории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Laboratory study of main weathering processes of oil spilled in the marine environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ossipov</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Осипов</p><p>141701, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, МФТИ, Институтский пер., д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Ossipov</p><p>9, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow obl., 141701</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipov.kb@stratasolutions.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марютина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maryutina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Марютина</p><p>119334, Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Maryutina</p><p>19, ul. Kosygina, Moscow, 119334</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Страта Солюшенс»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Strata Solutions LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геохимии и аналитической химии им. В. И. Вернадского Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипов К., Марютина Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипов К., Марютина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ossipov K., Maryutina T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2390">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2390</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены методология и результаты изучения основных процессов выветривания нефти, таких как испарение, растворение, эмульгирование и естественное диспергирование, при ее разливе в морской акватории. Оценено их влияние на выбор способа ликвидации разливов нефти — механического, физико-химического или термического. Испытания осуществлены с применением различных образцов нефти, добываемой на территории Российской Федерации, с соблюдением гидрометеорологических условий морей, находящихся в умеренных широтах. Установлено, что величина естественного диспергирования нефти в морской воде незначительна, особенно в условиях слабого волнения и в случае разлива битуминозной сверхвязкой нефти. Подтверждено, что наиболее важными процессами выветривания с точки зрения выбора способа ликвидации разлива нефти являются испарение и эмульгирование. В ходе протекания данных процессов физико-химические свойства нефти могут кардинально изменяться. Показано, что потери при испарении для легкой нефти незначительной вязкости много больше, чем для битуминозной сверхвязкой нефти, что отражается на плотности и динамической вязкости образуемых нефтяных остатков. Отмечено, что испарение значительной доли легких фракций нефти может негативно сказываться на эффективности применения диспергентов и сжигания в целях ликвидации последствий загрязнения. Выявлена (вне зависимости от условий) большая склонность к эмульгированию битуминозной сверхвязкой нефти в морской воде, что приводит к получению эмульсий с очень высоким содержанием воды и предельными значениями динамической вязкости. Отмечено, что при выборе способа ликвидации разливов нефти и для моделирования процессов распространения нефтяного разлива нужно учитывать физико-химические свойства нефтяных остатков, образующихся в результате испарения и эмульгирования нефти на водной поверхности. В образцах воды, отобранных после завершения испытаний по изучению процесса растворения нефти, идентифицированы соединения (алканы, циклоалканы, ароматические углеводороды и органические сульфиды), способные изменять ее токсикологические характеристики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The methodology and results of studying the main weathering processes of oil spilled in the marine environment are presented in this paper. Evaporation, dissolution, emulsification and natural dispersion were considered. The influence of oil weathering processes on the selection of oil spill response method (mechanical, physicochemical, or thermal) was estimated. The tests were carried out using various oil samples recovered in the Russian Federation taking into account the hydrometeorological conditions of the seas located in temperate latitudes. The low significance of natural dispersion for the fate of oil spill was established (especially under conditions of calm sea state and in the case of bituminous superviscous oil). Evaporation and emulsification were confirmed to be the most important oil weathering processes from the point of view of selecting an oil spill response method. The physicochemical properties of oil can change dramatically during these processes. It was shown that the evaporation losses for light low-viscosity oil were much greater than those for bituminous superviscous oil. This was reflected in the density and dynamic viscosity of the resulting residues. It was noted that evaporation of a significant proportion of light oil fractions can negatively affect the effectiveness of dispersant application and in situ burning. A high tendency to be emulsified (regardless of conditions) was revealed for bituminous superviscous oil. This led to obtaining emulsions with very high water content and dynamic viscosity. The necessity to take into account the physicochemical properties of residues formed as a result of oil evaporation and emulsification on the water surface when selecting oil spill response method or oil spill modeling method was noted. The compounds (alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and organic sulfides) capable of changing water toxicological characteristics were registered in the water samples taken after tests of studying the oil dissolution process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>выветривание нефти</kwd><kwd>испарение</kwd><kwd>растворение</kwd><kwd>эмульгирование</kwd><kwd>естественное диспергирование</kwd><kwd>ликвидация разливов нефти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crude oil weathering</kwd><kwd>evaporation</kwd><kwd>dissolution</kwd><kwd>emulsification</kwd><kwd>natural dispersion</kwd><kwd>oil spill response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зольников Д. Н., Секисов Н. С., Зольников Н. Н. 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