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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-2-35-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технологический контроль диффузионно-подвижного водорода в сталях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Technological monitoring of diffusible hydrogen in steels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Алексеевич Яковлев</p><p>199178, г. С.-Петербург, Васильевский о-в, Большой пр-т, д. 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Yakovlev</p><p>61, Bol’shoy prosp. V. O., St. Petersburg, 199178</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянский</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanskiy</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Митрофанович Полянский</p><p>194021, г. С.-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly M. Polyanskiy</p><p>28, ul. Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanskiy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Полянский</p><p>199178, г. С.-Петербург, Васильевский о-в, Большой пр-т, д. 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Polyanskiy</p><p>61, Bol’shoy prosp. V. O., St. Petersburg, 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pva@ipme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем машиноведения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НПК Электронные и пучковые технологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RDC EBT</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлев Ю.А., Полянский А.М., Полянский В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлев Ю.А., Полянский А.М., Полянский В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovlev Y.A., Polyanskiy A.M., Polyanskiy V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2393">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2393</self-uri><abstract><p>Диффузионно-подвижный водород (ДПВ) в металлах — часть растворенного водорода с высокой диффузионной подвижностью — основная причина холодного растрескивания сварного шва и наплавного металла. В работе представлены результаты технологического контроля ДПВ в сталях. Выявлено, что из-за малых предельно допустимых концентраций в высокопрочных сталях методы измерения, апробированные для металла сварного шва, могут давать кратные ошибки при измерениях. Предложена методика измерения ДПВ, основанная на методе вакуум-нагрева с масс-спектрометрическим измерением потока водорода из образца в процессе его анализа. Разделение потоков ДПВ и более сильно связанного водорода при вакуумной экстракции из образца предлагается проводить по экстракционной кривой. Показано, что при применении такой методики наблюдается хорошая сходимость результатов, и время проведения измерений можно существенно сократить по сравнению с рекомендациями стандартов для металла сварного шва. По результатам сопоставления экспериментальных данных и требований стандартов установлено, что энергия активации ДПВ составляет не более 0,3 эВ. Время экстракции ДПВ при фиксированной температуре анализа существенно зависит от размеров стального образца, из которого проводится экстракция водорода. Это не позволяет ориентироваться только на время и температуру экстракции при отделении ДПВ от связанного водорода, как рекомендуют многие существующие методы измерения массовой доли ДПВ. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при проведении технологического контроля ДПВ в сталях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diffusible hydrogen (DH) in metals is a part of dissolved hydrogen with high diffusion mobility. It is the main cause of cold cracking of welds and deposited metal. The paper presents the results of technological testing of DH in steels. It has been found that due to low maximum permissible concentrations in high-strength steels, the measurement methods verified for weld metal may give multiple measurement errors. A DH measurement technique is proposed based on the vacuum heating method with mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen flow from the sample during its analysis. It is proposed to separate the flows of DH and more strongly bound hydrogen during vacuum extraction from the sample using the extraction curve. It is shown that good convergence of results is observed when using this technique, and the measurement time can be significantly reduced compared to the recommendations of standards for weld metal. Based on the comparison of experimental data and standard requirements, it was found that the DH activation energy is no more than 0.3 eV. The extraction time of DH at a fixed analysis temperature depends significantly on the size of the steel sample from which hydrogen is extracted. This does not allow using only the extraction time and temperature when separating DH from bound hydrogen, as recommended by many existing methods for measuring the mass fraction of DH. The obtained results can be used in technological testing of DH in steels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диффузионно-подвижный водород</kwd><kwd>растворенный водород</kwd><kwd>вакуум-экстракция водорода</kwd><kwd>диффузия водорода</kwd><kwd>измерения концентрации водорода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diffusible hydrogen</kwd><kwd>dissolved hydrogen</kwd><kwd>vacuum hydrogen extraction</kwd><kwd>hydrogen diffusion</kwd><kwd>measuring diffusible hydrogen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добаткин В. И., Габидуллин Р. М., Колачев Б. А. Газы и окислы в алюминиевых деформируемых сплавах. — М.: Металлургия, 1976. — 264 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobatkin V. I., Gabidullin R. M., Kolachev B. A. Gases and oxides in aluminum wrought alloys. — Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976. — 264 p. 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