zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-3-5-10zldm-2420Research ArticleАНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВАSUBSTANCES ANALYSISЭкстракция платины из водных растворов с применением тетраалкиламмония дицианамидовExtraction of platinum from aqueous solutions using tetraalkylammonium dicyanamidesМокшинаН. Я.MokshinaN. Ya.

Надежда Яковлевна Мокшина

399770, Липецкая область, г. Елец, ул. Коммунаров, д. 28; 394064, г. Воронеж, ул. Старых Большевиков, д. 54а

Nadezhda Ya. Mokshina

28, ul. Kommunarov, Yelets, 399770; 54а, ul. Starykh Bol’shevikov, Voronezh, 394064

ГубановаВ. Р.GubanovaV. R.

Валерия Романовна Губанова

399770, Липецкая область, г. Елец, ул. Коммунаров, д. 28; 394000, Воронеж, просп. Революции, д. 19

Valeria R. Gubanova

28, ul. Kommunarov, Yelets, 399770; 19, prosp. Revolyutsii, Voronezh, 394000

lerchonok.99@mail.ruДаниловВ. Н.DanilovV. N.

Владимир Николаевич Данилов

394000, Воронеж, просп. Революции, д. 19

Vladimir N. Danilov

19, prosp. Revolyutsii, Voronezh, 394000

НифталиевС. И.NiftalievS. I.

Сабухи Ильич Нифталиев

394000, Воронеж, просп. Революции, д. 19

Sabukhi I. Niftaliev

19, prosp. Revolyutsii, Voronezh, 394000

Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина; Военно-воздушная академия им. профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. ГагаринаRussian FederationЕлецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина; Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологийРоссияI.A. Bunin Yelets State University; Voronezh State University of Engineering TechnologiesRussian FederationВоронежский государственный университет инженерных технологийРоссияVoronezh State University of Engineering TechnologiesRussian Federation202520032025913510Copyright © Мокшина Н.Я., Губанова В.Р., Данилов В.Н., Нифталиев С.И., 20252025Мокшина Н.Я., Губанова В.Р., Данилов В.Н., Нифталиев С.И.Mokshina N.Y., Gubanova V.R., Danilov V.N., Niftaliev S.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2420

Ионные жидкости (ИЖ) на основе катионов тетрагексил-, тетрагептил- и тетраоктиламмония и дицианамидного аниона синтезированы путем взаимодействия бромидов аммония с солями дицианамида. Чистота полученных ИЖ (>98 %) подтверждена методами атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии и ионной хроматографии. Изучено влияние таких факторов, как кислотность раствора, температура и длительность экстракции, соотношение объемов водной и органической фаз на извлечение ионов платины, найдены оптимальные условия экстракции. Установлено, что ионные жидкости с более длинными алкильными цепями эффективнее извлекают платиновые комплексы из водной фазы за счет сильнее выраженных гидрофобных свойств. Спектроскопический анализ экстрагированных систем позволил установить, что механизм извлечения платины связан с образованием устойчивых ионных пар между галогенокомплексом металла и катионом тетраалкиламмония. Это взаимодействие вызывает гипсохромный сдвиг в спектрах поглощения (λmax = 261 нм), подтверждая природу образовавшихся соединений. Исследованные ИЖ продемонстрировали устойчивость и низкую растворимость в водной фазе, что делает их надежными экстрагентами. Применение предложенного метода может быть полезно для переработки вторичных источников платины, очистки промышленных сточных вод и минимизации загрязнения окружающей среды.

Ionic liquids (IL) based on tetrahexyl-, tetraheptyl-, and tetraoctylammonium cations and dicyanamide anion were obtained as a result of the chemical interaction of ammonium bromides with dicyanamide salts. The purity of IL synthesized (>98%) was confirmed by atomic absorption spectrometry and ionic chromatography. The influence of such factors as solution acidity, extraction, temperature, and duration, the ratio of organic and aqueous phase volumes on the recovery of platinum ions was studied. It was shown, that ionic liquids with longer alkyl chains exhibit higher efficiency due to their improved hydrophobic properties. Spectroscopic analysis of the extracted systems revealed that the mechanism of platinum extraction is associated with the formation of stable ion pairs between metal halogen complexes and tetraalkylammonium cations. This interaction causes a hypsochromic shift in the absorption spectra (λmax = 261 nm), confirming the nature of the formed compounds. Ionic liquids demonstrated stability and low solubility in the aqueous phase, which makes them reliable extractants. The application of the proposed eco-friendly approach can be useful for recycling secondary platinum sources, cleaning industrial wastewater and minimizing environmental pollution.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.