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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-4-36-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Контроль сварных соединений стали 12Х18Н10Т, изготовленных селективным лазерным плавлением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-destructive testing of welded joints of 12Kh18N10T steel made by selective laser melting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Антонович Щербаков,</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский просп., д. 4, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Shcherbakov,</p><p>4-1, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119049.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогачев</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogachev</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Олегович Рогачев,</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский просп., д. 4, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav O. Rogachev,</p><p>4-1, Leninsky prosp., Moscow, 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">csaap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИТУ МИСИС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербаков В.А., Рогачев С.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербаков В.А., Рогачев С.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov V.A., Rogachev S.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2461">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2461</self-uri><abstract><p>Размеры изделий, получаемых аддитивными технологиями, ограничены рабочей камерой 3D-принтера. Проблему масштабирования изделий можно решить комбинацией аддитивных методов и лазерной сварки. В работе представлены результаты оценки качества сварных соединений с использованием неразрушающих методов контроля. Исследовали пластины из коррозионностойкой стали 12Х18Н10Т (AISI 321) размером 100 × 100 × 5 мм и трубы с толщиной стенки 6 мм, изготовленные методом селективного лазерного плавления. Для анализа дефектности использовали методы рентгеновской компьютерной томографии, цифровой радиографии и ультразвукового контроля. Установлено, что наличие пор и несплавлений в свариваемых заготовках приводит к возникновению локальной пористости в сварном шве. Цифровой радиографией выявлена разница в формировании негативного и позитивного контраста рентгенограмм. Показано, что применение цифровой обработки рентгенограмм позволяет значительно улучшить качество изображения (увеличение контраста изображения в 7 – 8 раз) и повысить выявляемость дефектов. Кроме того, метод ультразвукового контроля дает возможность качественного определения наличия дефектов в сварном соединении, но не дает количественной оценки их характеристик вследствие сильно выраженной анизотропии акустических свойств материала. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при контроле качества изделий аддитивного производства, в частности сварных соединений коррозионностойких хромоникелевых сталей в изделиях аэрокосмического назначения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The dimensions of products obtained by additive technologies are limited by the working chamber of the 3D printer. The solution to the problem of scaling products is possible through a combination of additive methods and laser welding. The paper presents the results of quality assessment of welded joints using non-destructive testing methods. The objects of the study were plates made of corrosion-resistant steel 12Kh18N10T (AISI 321) measuring 100 × 100 × 5 mm and pipes with a wall thickness of 6 mm, manufactured by selective laser melting. X-ray computed tomography, digital radiography and ultrasonic testing were used to analyze defects. It was shown that the presence of pores and lack of fusion in welded workpieces leads to the occurrence of local porosity in the weld. The digital radiography revealed the difference in the formation of negative and positive contrast of radiographs. Digital post-processing methods were applied to improve the quality of radiographs (increase in image contrast by 7 – 8 times) and to increase the detection of defects. It was established that the ultrasonic testing method allows for the qualitative determination of the presence of defects in a welded joint, but does not provide a quantitative assessment of their characteristics due to the strongly expressed anisotropy of the acoustic properties of the material. The obtained results can be used to solve the general problem of quality control of additive manufactured products, in particular, in the control of welded joints of corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steels for aerospace products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селективное лазерное плавление</kwd><kwd>лазерная сварка</kwd><kwd>рентгеновская компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>цифровая радиография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковой контроль</kwd><kwd>цифровая обработка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>selective laser melting</kwd><kwd>laser welding</kwd><kwd>X-ray computed tomography</kwd><kwd>digital radiography</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic testing</kwd><kwd>digital processing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardner L. Metal additive manufacturing in structural engineering — review, advances, opportunities and outlook / Structures. 2023. 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