zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-4-51-66zldm-2463Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬTESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. MECHANICAL TESTING METHODSРаннее накопление повреждений при циклическом нагружении композиционной пластины с отверстиемEarly damage accumulation caused by cyclic loading of composite plate with holeЕлеонскийС. И.EleonskyS. I.

Святослав Игоревич Елеонский,

140180, Московская область, г. Жуковский, ул. Жуковского, д. 1.

Svyatoslav I. Eleonsky,

1, ul. Zhukovskogo, Zhukovsky, 140180.

juzzepka@mail.ruГусевП. Н.Gusev,P. N.

Павел Николаевич Гусев,

125315, г. Москва, Ленинградский просп., д. 68.

Pavel N. Gusev,

68, Leningradsky prosp., Moscow, 125315.

КалининА. Г.KalininA. G.

Алексей Геннадьевич Калинин,

140180, Московская область, г. Жуковский, ул. Жуковского, д. 1.

Alexander G. Kalinin,

1, ul. Zhukovskogo, Zhukovsky, 140180.

ПисаревВ. С.PisarevV. S.

Владимир Сергеевич Писарев,

140180, Московская область, г. Жуковский, ул. Жуковского, д. 1.

Vladimir S. Pisarev,

1, ul. Zhukovskogo, Zhukovsky, 140180.

Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт имени профессора Н. Е. ЖуковскогоРоссияN. E. Zhukovsky Central Aero-Hydrodynamics InstituteRussian FederationПАО «Яковлев»РоссияPublic Joint-Stock Company «Yakovlev»Russian Federation2025250420259145166Copyright © Елеонский С.И., Гусев П.Н., Калинин А.Г., Писарев В.С., 20252025Елеонский С.И., Гусев П.Н., Калинин А.Г., Писарев В.С.Eleonsky S.I., Gusev, P.N., Kalinin A.G., Pisarev V.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2463

Разработан и реализован новый экспериментальный метод, который обеспечивает количественное описание эволюции индикаторов повреждаемости при циклическом нагружении образцов, изготовленных из композиционного материала, с концентраторами напряжений. Эти индикаторы представляют собой деформационный отклик на нанесение искусственного надреза заданной длины, который распространяется при постоянной внешней нагрузке от контура центрального сквозного отверстия в плоском прямоугольном образце. Первый индикатор — это величина раскрытия надреза в точке его начала. Вторым индикатором служит тангенциальная компонента перемещений в направлении надреза, которая измеряется в его вершине. Оба индикатора определяли путем прямых физических измерений на основе подсчета количества интерференционных полос, которые визуализировали методом электронной спекл-интерферометрии. Значения индикаторов повреждаемости получены для набора образцов, которые отличаются степенью поврежденности. Построены зависимости обоих параметров от количества циклов нагружения. Представлены теоретические основы количественного анализа процесса накопления повреждений по экспериментальным данным, которые представляют собой эволюцию индикаторов повреждаемости при увеличении количества циклов нагружения. Разработанная методология применяется для количественного описания процесса накопления повреждений в ходе циклического нагружения прямоугольных пластин с центральным сквозным отверстием. Каждая пластина изготовлена из ортотропного композиционного материала. Исследуемые образцы, сформированные путем укладки волокон трех различных угловых ориентаций, подвергали нагружению с размахом напряжений 262,5 МПа и коэффициентом асимметрии цикла, равным –6,0. Для построения функции накопления повреждений в качестве условного предельного состояния выбрана точка, соответствующая образцу с максимальным количеством циклов нагружения, для которого получены значения индикаторов повреждаемости. Это значение равно 150 000 циклов, что составляет 41 % от средней долговечности испытанных образцов. Признаки межслойного расслоения во всех исследованных образцах отсутствовали. Функцию накопления повреждений строили в явном виде для выбранного диапазона циклов нагружения. Установлено, что оба индикатора приводят к одинаковым результатам. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что в исследованном диапазоне скорость накопления повреждений не меняется с ростом количества циклов нагружения. Согласно принятым в настоящее время представлениям, такой характер накопления повреждений относится к первой стадии исследуемого процесса. Показано, что снижение величины деформационного отклика на нанесение искусственного надреза, которое происходит после приложения всего 1000 циклов нагружения, вызвано релаксацией компоненты остаточных напряжений, действующей в направлении внешней нагрузки.

Novel experimental technique, which provides quantitative description of damage indicators evolution related to cyclic loading of composite specimens with stress concentrators, is developed and implemented. Involved indicators represent by itself deformation response to narrow notch inserting. This notch is emanated form the edge of through circular hole, located in the centre of plane rectangular coupon, under constant external load. The first indicator is the notch mouth opening displacement. In-plane displacement component directed along the notch line as measured in the notch top serves as the second damage indicator. Both parameters follow from direct physical measurements by counting interference fringes, which are visualized on the base of electronic speckle-pattern interferometry. Damage indicator values are obtained for array of specimens with different damage levels. Dependencies of both parameters from loading cycle number are constructed. Theoretical background essential for quantitative analysis of damage accumulation process proceeding from experimental data, which represent evolution of damage indicators caused by loading cycle number increase, is presented. The approach developed is implemented to a quantitative description of damage accumulation process related to cyclic loading of thin rectangular plates with central through hole. Each plate is made from orthotropic composite material. Specimens under study, which are manufactured from layers with three different angular orientations, are tested under fatigue loading with stress range 262.5 MPa and stress ratio –6.0. The point corresponding to the specimen with maximum cycle number, for which damage indicator values are obtained, is decided as conventional limiting case responsible for explicit form of damage accumulation function. Chosen value is equal to 150,000 cycles that comprises 41% of average lifetime of tested specimens. There are no evidences of any delamination inherent in all investigated specimens. Damage accumulation function is constructed in an explicit form for prescribed cycle range. It is established that both indicators provide the same results. Data obtained show that damage accumulation rate is constant for investigated loading cycle range. Accordingly to currently adopted opinion, revealed character of damage accumulation is related to the first stage of the process considered. It is shown that a decrease in the value of deformation response to artificial notch inserting, which occurs after only 1000 cycles applying, is produced by relaxation of residual stress component directed along external force acting line.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.