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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-4-67-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2464</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реконструкция распределения собственных деформаций и остаточных напряжений по толщине бруса методом разрезания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of residual stresses in structural elements with continuously distributed eigenstrains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Келлер</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keller</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Эрнстович Келлер,</p><p>614013, г. Пермь, ул. Акад. Королёва, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya E. Keller,</p><p>1, ul. Akad. Koroleva, Perm, 614013.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kie@icmm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Петухов,</p><p>614013, г. Пермь, ул. Акад. Королёва, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy S. Petukhov,</p><p>1, ul. Akad. Koroleva, Perm, 614013.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Дудин,</p><p>614013, г. Пермь, ул. Акад. Королёва, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy S. Dudin,</p><p>1, ul. Akad. Koroleva, Perm, 614013.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пермяков</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Permyakov</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глеб Львович Пермяков,</p><p>614990, г. Пермь, Комсомольский пр-т, д. 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gleb L. Permyakov,</p><p>29, Komsomolsky prosp., Perm, 614990.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушников</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushnikov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Николаевич Трушников,</p><p>614990, г. Пермь, Комсомольский пр-т, д. 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy N. Trushnikov,</p><p>29, Komsomolsky prosp., Perm, 614990.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Борисович Максимов,</p><p>298309, г. Керчь, ул. Орджоникидзе, д. 82.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr B. Maksimov,</p><p>82, Ordzhonikidze ul., Kerch, 298309.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm National Research Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Керченский государственный морской технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kerch State Marine Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Келлер И.Э., Петухов Д.С., Дудин Д.С., Пермяков Г.Л., Трушников Д.Н., Максимов А.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Келлер И.Э., Петухов Д.С., Дудин Д.С., Пермяков Г.Л., Трушников Д.Н., Максимов А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Keller I.E., Petukhov D.S., Dudin D.S., Permyakov G.L., Trushnikov D.N., Maksimov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2464">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2464</self-uri><abstract><p>Продемонстрировано применение метода разрезания для оценки распределения остаточных напряжений по толщине линейного элемента, вырезанного из металлической конструкции с непрерывно распределенными собственными деформациями, когда методы травления, сверления отверстий и рентгеновской дифракции могут дать лишь ограниченную информацию. В качестве объектов исследования рассмотрены: брус размером 250 × 25 × 10 мм из алюминиево-магниевого сплава, одна узкая грань которого подвергнута точечной обработке давлением; ребро размером 150 × 25 × 10 мм из аустенитной нержавеющей стали, возведенное на основании проволочно-дуговой наплавкой; листовая низколегированная сталь толщиной 14 мм с бейнито-перлитной структурой, подвергнутая градиентной механотермической обработке. Используемый метод заключался в следующем. Из бруса, вырезанного из заготовки, электроэрозионным способом нарезали полосы толщиной 1 мм нормально координате, вдоль которой была неоднородно распределена мембранная компонента остаточных напряжений. Далее измеряли прогибы полос и по этим данным реконструировали распределения искомой компоненты остаточных напряжений и несовместной части собственных деформаций, порождающей эти остаточные напряжения, по соотношениям, полученным авторами ранее. Во всех исследуемых случаях метод показал достаточно хорошую разрешимость и выявил технологически важные различия распределений остаточных напряжений по высоте ребра, возведенного проволочно-дуговой наплавкой с послойной проковкой и без нее, а также по толщине листа, подвергнутого одностороннему быстрому охлаждению с пластическим изгибом в одну или другую сторону и без изгиба. Метод не требует специального лабораторного оборудования, а использованный способ резания минимально воздействует на материал, для внутренних полос — симметрично с обеих сторон. В качестве дополнительных данных использованы значения поверхностных остаточных напряжений, полученные методом сверления отверстий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work is to demonstrate the application of the cutting method in determining the membrane component of residual stresses in elements of metal structures with continuously distributed eigenstrains, when methods of etching, drilling holes and X-ray diffraction can provide only limited information. The objects of the study area (a) a 250 × 25 × 10 mm bar made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, one narrow face of which is subjected to spot pressure treatment, (b) a 150 × 25 × 10 mm edge made of austenitic stainless steel, surfaced on the basis by wire-arc, (c) sheet ferritic-martensitic steel with a thickness of 14 mm, subjected to mechanothermic treatment. The method used consisted in (1) cutting a sample in the form of a bar cut from a workpiece by an electroerosion method into strips 1 mm thick at a coordinate along which the membrane component of residual stresses was inhomogeneously distributed, and (2) measuring the deflections of the strips and reconstructing from these data the distributions of the sought component of residual stresses and the incompatible part of the eigenstrains that generate these residual stresses, according to the relations obtained by the authors earlier. As the result in all considered problems the method showed fairly good solvability and revealed technologically important differences in the distributions of residual stresses in the height of the edge surfaced by wire-arc with and without layer forging with pneumatic tools, as well as in the thickness of the sheet subjected to unilateral rapid cooling with or without plastic bending in one direction or the other. The method does not require special laboratory equipment, and the cutting method used has a minimal effect on the material, symmetrically on both sides of the strips.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остаточные напряжения</kwd><kwd>собственные деформации</kwd><kwd>непрерывное распределение</kwd><kwd>брус</kwd><kwd>разрезание</kwd><kwd>реконструкция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>residual stresses</kwd><kwd>eigenstrains</kwd><kwd>continuous distribution</kwd><kwd>beam</kwd><kwd>cutting</kwd><kwd>reconstruction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birger I. A. Residual Stresses. — Moscow: Mashgiz, 1963. — 233 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birger I. A. Residual Stresses. — Moscow: Mashgiz, 1963. — 233 p. 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