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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-6-54-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2522</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование деградации стенки нефтехимического реактора с помощью насыщенных водородом образцов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predicting petrochemical reactor wall degradation using hydrogen-saturated samples</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Нечаева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Nechaeva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pomazova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanskiy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Полянский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Polyanskiy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалагаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalagaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Валерьевич Шалагаев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Shalagaev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Алексеевич Яковлев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy A. Yakovlev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Научно-диагностический центр «Научно-производственная фирма «Русская лаборатория», Россия, 197101, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкарский пер., д. 9, литер А</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Scientific and Diagnostic Center «Research and Production Firm «Russian Laboratory», liter A, 9, Pushkarskii per., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем машиноведения РАН, Россия, 199178, Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой просп., д. 61</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Problems of Mechanical Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 61, Bolshoy prosp., Vasilevskii ostrov, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Научно-диагностический центр «Научно-производственная фирма «Русская лаборатория», Россия, 197101, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкарский пер., д. 9, литер А; Институт проблем машиноведения РАН, Россия, 199178, Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, Большой просп., д. 61</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Scientific and Diagnostic Center «Research and Production Firm «Russian Laboratory», liter A, 9, Pushkarskii per., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia; Institute of Problems of Mechanical Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 61, Bolshoy prosp., Vasilevskii ostrov, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нечаева А.В., Полянский В.А., Шалагаев В.В., Яковлев Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нечаева А.В., Полянский В.А., Шалагаев В.В., Яковлев Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nechaeva A.V., Polyanskiy V.A., Shalagaev V.V., Yakovlev Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2522">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2522</self-uri><abstract><p>Прогнозирование безотказной работы нефтехимических реакторов необходимо для безопасного функционирования нефтехимической промышленности. Однако в случае бездеформационнного хрупкого разрушения сделать адекватный прогноз по результатам регламентированного технического контроля не удается. Одним из источников такого разрушения является водородная хрупкость. Для решения задачи прогнозирования без крупногабаритных вырезок из стенок оборудования проведено сравнение механических свойств образцов, вырезанных из стенок разрушенного нефтехимического реактора после длительной эксплуатации, и образцов, изготовленных из листа той же марки стали и насыщенных методом катодной поляризации водородом до той же концентрации, которая была измерена в стенках исследованного реактора. Толщина листового проката, из которого изготовлены стенки, была равна толщине листа, из которого получены модельные образцы. Образцы вырезали вдоль и поперек направления прокатки. Проведены сравнительные исследования поведения идентичных модельных и «эксплуатационных» образцов, учитывающие развитие эксплуатационных повреждений, направления вырезки стандартизированных образцов для механических изотермических испытаний и время вылеживания образцов после наводороживания. Проведен регламентированный расчет остаточного ресурса реактора на основании механических характеристик вырезанных из него образцов. Обнаружена принципиальная разница в механических характеристиках модельных и «эксплуатационных» образцов. У модельных пределы прочности и текучести не менялись, а у образцов, вырезанных из реактора, они оказались меньше исходных на 30 %. Эта разница не дает возможности использовать модельные образцы, насыщенные методом катодной поляризации, для прогнозирования водородной деградации стальных элементов нефтехимического оборудования. Показана недостаточность регламентированных при технической диагностике методов неразрушающего контроля, так как они не учитывают возможности образования бездеформационного водородного растрескивания стенок оборудования. Показано, что методики проводимого при экспертизе регламентированного расчета остаточного ресурса эксплуатации на основании как фактических прочностных свойств образцов, вырезанных из эксплуатируемого оборудования, так и механических характеристик модельных наводороженных образцов, вырезанных в различных направлениях относительно направления прокатки, требуют переработки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Predicting the failure-free operation of petrochemical reactors is an important task that ensures the safe functioning of the petrochemical industry, but in the case of deformation-free brittle failure, it is impossible to make an adequate forecast based on the results of regulated technical control. One of the sources of such failure is hydrogen embrittlement. To solve the problem of forecasting without producing large-sized cuttings from the walls of the equipment, a comparison was made of the mechanical properties of samples cut from the walls of a destroyed petrochemical reactor after long-term operation and samples made from a sheet of the same steel grade and saturated by the cathodic polarization method to the same concentration that was measured in the walls of the studied reactor. The thickness of the sheet metal from which the walls were made was equal to the thickness of the sheet from which the model samples were made. The samples were cut along and across the rolling direction. A comparative study of the behavior of identical model and «operational» samples was conducted, taking into account the development of operational damage, the direction of cutting out standardized samples for mechanical isothermal tests, and the time of sample curing after hydrogenation. A regulated calculation of the residual life of the reactor was carried out based on the mechanical characteristics of the samples cut out from it. A fundamental difference in the mechanical characteristics of the model and «operational» samples was found. The strength and yield strengths of the model samples do not change, while those cut out of the reactor are 30% less than the original ones. This difference does not allow using the saturation of model samples by the cathodic polarization method to predict hydrogen degradation of steel elements of petrochemical equipment. The insufficiency of the regulated non-destructive testing methods in technical diagnostics is shown, since they do not take into account the possibility of forming deformation-free hydrogen cracking of the equipment walls. It is shown that the methodology for the regulated calculation of the residual service life carried out during the examination, both on the basis of the actual strength properties of samples cut from the equipment in operation and using the mechanical characteristics of model hydrogenated samples cut in different directions relative to the rolling direction, requires revision.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водородное охрупчивание</kwd><kwd>испытание на растяжение</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>остаточный ресурс оборудования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrogen embrittlement</kwd><kwd>tensile testing</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>residual life of equipment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Махутов Н. А. 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