<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-6-68-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Циклическая вязкоупругость полиметилметакрилата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cyclic viscoelasticity of polymethyl methacrylate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Сергеевич Куркин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Kurkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ackurkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Киселев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Kiselev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kiselev_AS@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет им Н. Э. Баумана, Россия, 105005, Москва, 2-я Бауманская ул., д. 5, стр. 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5, 2-ya Baumanskaya ul., Moscow, 105005, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт», Россия, 123182, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, д. 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 1, pl. Akademika Kurchatova, Moscow, 123182, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куркин А.С., Киселев А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куркин А.С., Киселев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurkin A.S., Kiselev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2523">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2523</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты исследования ползучести полиметилметакрилата (ПММА) при циклической нагрузке. Проанализировано вязкоупругое поведение ПММА при нормальных условиях эксплуатации, до начала процессов повреждения материала. Ползучесть при непрерывном деформировании представляет собой суперпозицию двух процессов: ускорения ползучести вследствие роста напряжения и ее замедления с течением времени. При мгновенном росте нагрузки действует только первый процесс, а при выдержке под постоянной нагрузкой — только второй. Для каждого из них получены уравнения состояния вязкоупругости, связывающие ускорение вязкой деформации со скоростями упругой и вязкой деформации и с текущим уровнем упругой деформации. Эти уравнения применимы в диапазоне напряжений от предела ползучести до предела вынужденной эластичности, а также при возврате после полной разгрузки. Поскольку в уравнения не входят в явном виде время и накопленная вязкая деформация, они могут быть использованы для процесса с произвольным законом роста деформации или напряжения. По результатам циклических испытаний с различными скоростями деформации на этапах нагрузки и разгрузки получены уравнения состояния для различных сочетаний величин и направлений скоростей упругой и вязкой деформаций. Эти уравнения применены для моделирования вязкой деформации ПММА по заданному закону изменения упругой деформации. Сопоставление с экспериментом подтвердило высокую точность моделирования. Выявлен ряд последовательных стадий вязкоупругой деформации в зависимости от уровня нагрузки: упругая (при напряжении ниже предела ползучести); мгновенно вязкая; вязкая; вязкопластическая. На первой стадии вязкая деформация не растет, на второй — растет только при увеличении нагрузки, на третьей — растет также при выдержке. При выходе на вязкопластическую стадию происходит накопление необратимой деформации, которая сохраняется после завершения возврата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of a study of the creep of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) under cyclic loading are presented. The viscoelastic behavior of PMMA was analyzed under normal operating conditions, before the onset of material damage processes. Creep during continuous deformation is a superposition of two processes: the creep acceleration due to a stress increase and its deceleration over time. During an instantaneous increase of load, only the first process takes place, and during an exposure under constant load, only the second. For each of them, equations of state for viscoelasticity are obtained that relate the acceleration of viscous deformation to the rates of elastic and viscous deformation and to the current level of elastic deformation. These equations are applicable in the stress range from the creep limit to the forced elastic limit, as well as during recovery after complete unloading. Since the equations do not explicitly include time and accumulated viscous strain, they can be used for a process with an arbitrary law of growth of strain or stress. Based on the results of cyclic tests with different rates of deformation at the stages of loading and unloading, equations of state were obtained for various combinations of values and directions of rates of elastic and viscous deformation. These equations were used to model the viscous deformation of PMMA according to a given law of the elastic deformation change. Comparison with experiment confirmed the high accuracy of the modelling. A number of successive stages of viscoelastic deformation have been identified depending on the load level: elastic at stress below the creep limit, instantaneously viscous, viscous and viscoplastic. At the first stage, viscous deformation does not increase, at the second stage it increases only with increasing load, at the third stage it also increases during the holding. When reaching the viscoplastic stage, irreversible deformation accumulates, which persists after the return is completed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циклическая вязкоупругость</kwd><kwd>полиметилметакрилат</kwd><kwd>ПММА</kwd><kwd>уравнение состояния</kwd><kwd>ускорение вязкой деформации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyclic viscoelasticity</kwd><kwd>polymethyl methacrylate</kwd><kwd>PMMA</kwd><kwd>equation of state</kwd><kwd>acceleration of viscous deformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurkin A. S., Kiselev A. S., Krasheninnikov S. V., Bogdanov A. A. Simulation of the deformation diagram of a viscoelastic material based on a structural model / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2022. Vol. 88. No. 6. P. 60 – 69 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-6-60-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurkin A. S., Kiselev A. S., Krasheninnikov S. V., Bogdanov A. A. Simulation of the deformation diagram of a viscoelastic material based on a structural model / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2022. Vol. 88. No. 6. P. 60 – 69 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-6-60-69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurkin A. S., Kiselev A. S., Ustinov V. S., Bogdanov A. A. Equations of state of the polymethyl methacrylate viscoelasticity / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 1. P. 72 – 81 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-1-72-81</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurkin A. S., Kiselev A. S., Ustinov V. S., Bogdanov A. A. Equations of state of the polymethyl methacrylate viscoelasticity / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 1. P. 72 – 81 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-1-72-81</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stachiw J. D. Acrylic plastic as structural material for underwater vehicles. 2004. P. 289 – 296. DOI: 10.1109/ut.2004.1405581</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stachiw J. D. Acrylic plastic as structural material for underwater vehicles. 2004. P. 289 – 296. DOI: 10.1109/ut.2004.1405581</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabotnov Yu. N. Creep of structural elements. — Moscow: Nauka, 1966. — 752 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabotnov Yu. N. Creep of structural elements. — Moscow: Nauka, 1966. — 752 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Federico C. E. Coupled temperature and strain rate effects on non-linear mechanical behavior of amorphous polymers. Experimental characterization and modelling of strain rate-temperature superposition. PhD Thesis. 2018. — 176 p. DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.32000.48649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federico C. E. Coupled temperature and strain rate effects on non-linear mechanical behavior of amorphous polymers. Experimental characterization and modelling of strain rate-temperature superposition. PhD Thesis. 2018. — 176 p. DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.32000.48649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forquin P., Nasraoui M., Rusinek A., Siad L. Experimental study of the confined behavior of PMMA under quasi-static and dynamic loadings / International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2012. Vols. 40 – 41. P. 46 – 57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.09.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forquin P., Nasraoui M., Rusinek A., Siad L. Experimental study of the confined behavior of PMMA under quasi-static and dynamic loadings / International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2012. Vols. 40 – 41. P. 46 – 57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.09.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panin S. V., Bogdanov A. A., Lyubutin P. S., et al. Optical strain measurement technique for estimating degradation of the properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under cyclic loading / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2023. Vol. 89. No. 1. P. 46 – 55 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-1-46-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panin S. V., Bogdanov A. A., Lyubutin P. S., et al. Optical strain measurement technique for estimating degradation of the properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under cyclic loading / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2023. Vol. 89. No. 1. P. 46 – 55 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-1-46-55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlov V. V., Vasilev A. A., Gorichev I. G., et al. Study of the properties for stabilized polyacrylonitrile thermally treated in air / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2021. Vol. 87. No. 7. P. 30 – 37 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-7-30-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov V. V., Vasilev A. A., Gorichev I. G., et al. Study of the properties for stabilized polyacrylonitrile thermally treated in air / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2021. Vol. 87. No. 7. P. 30 – 37 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-7-30-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakovlev N. O. Relaxation behavior of polymethylmethacrylate based organic glass / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2015. Vol. 81. No. 5. P. 57 – 60 [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev N. O. Relaxation behavior of polymethylmethacrylate based organic glass / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2015. Vol. 81. No. 5. P. 57 – 60 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Movahedi-Rad A. V., Keller T., Vassilopoulos A. P. Modeling of fatigue behavior based on interaction between time- and cyclic-dependent mechanical properties / Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2019. Vol. 124. P. 105469. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Movahedi-Rad A. V., Keller T., Vassilopoulos A. P. Modeling of fatigue behavior based on interaction between time- and cyclic-dependent mechanical properties / Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2019. Vol. 124. P. 105469. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angelidi M., Vassilopoulos A. P., Keller T. Ductility, recovery and strain rate dependency of an acrylic structural adhesive / Constr. Build. Mater. 2017. Vol. 140. P. 184 – 193. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angelidi M., Vassilopoulos A. P., Keller T. Ductility, recovery and strain rate dependency of an acrylic structural adhesive / Constr. Build. Mater. 2017. Vol. 140. P. 184 – 193. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holopainen S., Wallin M. Modeling of the Long-Term Behavior of Glassy Polymers / Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. 2012. DOI: 10.1115/1.4007499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holopainen S., Wallin M. Modeling of the Long-Term Behavior of Glassy Polymers / Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. 2012. DOI: 10.1115/1.4007499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouvard J. L., Francis D. K., Tschopp M. A., et al. An internal state variable material model for predicting the time, thermomechanical, and stress state dependence of amorphous glassy polymers under large deformation / International Journal of Plasticity. 2013. Vol. 42. P. 168 – 193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouvard J. L., Francis D. K., Tschopp M. A., et al. An internal state variable material model for predicting the time, thermomechanical, and stress state dependence of amorphous glassy polymers under large deformation / International Journal of Plasticity. 2013. Vol. 42. P. 168 – 193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horstemeyer M. F., Bammann D. J. Historical review of internal state variable theory for inelasticity / International Journal of Plasticity. 2010. Vol. 26. No. 9. P. 1310 – 1334. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.06.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horstemeyer M. F., Bammann D. J. Historical review of internal state variable theory for inelasticity / International Journal of Plasticity. 2010. Vol. 26. No. 9. P. 1310 – 1334. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.06.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Follansbee P. On the Definition of State Variables for an Internal State Variable Constitutive Model Describing Metal Deformation / Materials Sciences and Applications. 2014. Vol. 5. P. 603 – 609. DOI: 10.4236/msa.2014.58062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Follansbee P. On the Definition of State Variables for an Internal State Variable Constitutive Model Describing Metal Deformation / Materials Sciences and Applications. 2014. Vol. 5. P. 603 – 609. DOI: 10.4236/msa.2014.58062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nechaeva E. S., Trusov P. V. Constitutive model of partially crystalline polymer material. Algorithm for implementing the mesoscale model / Computational Continuum Mechanics. 2011. Vol. 4. No. 1. P. 74 – 89. DOI: 10.7242/1999-6691/2011.4.1.7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaeva E. S., Trusov P. V. Constitutive model of partially crystalline polymer material. Algorithm for implementing the mesoscale model / Computational Continuum Mechanics. 2011. Vol. 4. No. 1. P. 74 – 89. DOI: 10.7242/1999-6691/2011.4.1.7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadakov O. S. Structural model in the rheology of structures / Vestn. Yuzh.-Ural. Univ. Ser. Mat. Fiz. Khim. 2003. No. 4. Part 8. P. 88 – 98 [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadakov O. S. Structural model in the rheology of structures / Vestn. Yuzh.-Ural. Univ. Ser. Mat. Fiz. Khim. 2003. No. 4. Part 8. P. 88 – 98 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meijer H., Govaert L. Mechanical performance of polymer systems: the relation between structure and properties / Progr. Polym. Sci. 2005. Vol. 30. P. 915 – 938. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.06.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meijer H., Govaert L. Mechanical performance of polymer systems: the relation between structure and properties / Progr. Polym. Sci. 2005. Vol. 30. P. 915 – 938. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.06.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rybin A. A., Ruban D. V., Chervyakov A. A., Ulyanov S. A. A method for determining the spectral relaxation functions of polymers under single stretching of micro samples / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 5. P. 53 – 59 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-5-53-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rybin A. A., Ruban D. V., Chervyakov A. A., Ulyanov S. A. A method for determining the spectral relaxation functions of polymers under single stretching of micro samples / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 5. P. 53 – 59 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-5-53-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
