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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-8-23-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2572</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение массовой доли молочного жира в кефире методами ИК-спектроскопии и цифровой цветометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the mass fraction of milk fat in kefir by IR spectroscopy and digital colourometry methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>О. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanov</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Эдуардович Емельянов</p><p>600000, г. Владимир, ул. Горького, д. 87</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg E. Emelyanov</p><p>87, ul. Gorkogo, Vladimir, 600000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amelinvg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Григорьевич Амелин</p><p>600000, г. Владимир, ул. Горького, д. 87</p><p>123022, Москва, Звенигородское шоссе, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily G. Amelin</p><p>87, ul. Gorkogo, Vladimir, 600000</p><p>5, Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amelinvg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владимирский государственный университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov Vladimir State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владимирский государственный университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых; Всероссийский государственный центр качества и стандартизации лекарственных средств для животных и кормов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov Vladimir State University; The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Емельянов О.Э., Амелин В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Емельянов О.Э., Амелин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Emelyanov O.E., Amelin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2572">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2572</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложен бесконтактный способ определения массовой доли молочного жира в бутилированном кефире с помощью диффузного отражения излучения светодиодов с разными длинами волн (365, 390, 850 и 880 нм) с использованием смартфона и специального самодельного цветометрического устройства. Для регистрации аналитического сигнала применяли смартфон OnePlus 10 Pro, iPhone 14 и ИК-Фурье-спектрометр для ближней ИК-области спектра (4000 – 10000 см–1). Обработку экспериментальных данных проводили с помощью специализированных программ многомерного анализа данных. Установлено, что интенсивности каналов RGB изменяются в зависимости от жирности кефира, что свидетельствует о наличии корреляции между цветовыми характеристиками и содержанием молочного жира. Влияние содержания белков и углеводов на аналитический сигнал оказалось минимальным, поскольку их концентрация в кефире с различной жирностью изменяется незначительно. Значения интенсивности каналов RGB использовали в качестве аналитического сигнала для определения жира в кефире. Показано, что упаковка из полиэтилентерефталата оказывает минимальное влияние на диффузное отражение, что позволяет проводить анализ без вскрытия упаковки. Оценку массовой доли молочного жира в кефире проводили с использованием метода многомерной калибровки данных — частичной регрессии наименьших квадратов. Относительное стандартное отклонение результатов не превышало 0,11 %, что подтверждает высокую точность метода. Наилучшие результаты были получены при использовании светодиодов с длиной волны излучения 390 и 850 нм, когда величины погрешностей RMSEC и RMSEP достигали максимальных значений 0,0901 и ≤0,887 % соответственно. Равноточность полученных результатов подтверждена использованием метода ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A non-contact method for determining the mass fraction of milk fat in bottled kefir using diffuse reflection of radiation from LEDs with different wavelengths (365, 390, 850, and 880 nm) using a smartphone and a special homemade colourimetric device was proposed. To record the analytical signal we used a smartphone OnePlus 10 Pro, iPhone 14 with PhotoMetrix PRO®, ColorGrab, RGBer, and FTIR spectrometer for the near infrared region (4000 – 10000 cm–1). The experimental data were processed using specialised programs: TQ Analyst, The Unscrambler X, XLSTAT. It was found that the intensities of RGB channels change depending on the fat content of kefir, which indicates that there is a correlation between colour characteristics and milk fat content. The influence of protein and carbohydrate content on the analytical signal was found to be minimal, as their concentration in kefir with different fat content varies insignificantly. These data confirm the possibility of using digital RGB values as an analytical signal for determining the fat content of kefir. It is shown that polyethylene terephthalate packaging has minimal effect on diffuse reflection, which allows analysis without opening the packaging. The mass fraction of milk fat in kefir was estimated using the method of multivariate data calibration — partial least squares regression. The relative standard deviation of the results did not exceed 0.11%, which confirms the high accuracy of the method. The best results were obtained using LEDs with emission wavelengths of 390 and 850 nm, when RMSEC and RMSEP reached maximum values of 0.0901 and 0.887%, respectively. Equivalence of the results obtained was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кефир</kwd><kwd>молочный жир</kwd><kwd>бесконтактный анализ</kwd><kwd>цифровая цветометрия</kwd><kwd>ИК-спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>хемометрика</kwd><kwd>смартфон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kefir</kwd><kwd>milk fat</kwd><kwd>non-contact analysis</kwd><kwd>digital colourometry</kwd><kwd>IR spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>chemometrics</kwd><kwd>smartphone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Orozco B. D., García-Cano I., Jiménez-Flores R., Alvárez V. B. Invited review: Milk kefir microbiota — Direct and indirect antimicrobial effects / J. Dairy Sci. 2022. Vol. 105. P. 3703 – 3715. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Orozco B. D., García-Cano I., Jiménez-Flores R., Alvárez V. B. 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