zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-8-47-55zldm-2575Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES INVESTIGATIONИсследование состава и свойств сульфида железа при сероводородной коррозии в газообразном состоянииStudy of the composition and properties of iron sulfide during hydrogen sulfide corrosion in the vapor phaseВагаповР. К.VagapovR. K.

Руслан Кизитович Вагапов

142717, Московская обл., г.о. Ленинский, пос. Развилка, ул. Газовиков, зд. 15, стр. 1

Ruslan K. Vagapov

15, str. 1, ul. Gazovikov, Razvilka, Leninsky, Moscow obl., 142717

R_Vagapov@vniigaz.gazprom.ruГазпром ВНИИГАЗРоссияLLC Gazprom VNIIGAZRussian Federation2025310820259184755Copyright © Вагапов Р.К., 20252025Вагапов Р.К.Vagapov R.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2575

Воздействие сероводорода, содержащегося в добываемых на нефтегазовых объектах углеводородах, на стальное оборудование и трубопроводы опасно не только коррозионными разрушениями, но и проникновением водорода в углеродистые и низколегированные стали. Однако такое негативное влияние на стойкость и свойства конструкционных материалов ранее изучалось преимущественно для условий жидкой среды, характерной для нефтяных месторождений. В работе представлены результаты исследования процессов внутренней коррозии на газовых месторождениях. Анализировали закономерности и особенности состава и свойств осадков, формирующихся в газопроводах при взаимодействии H2S-содержащего газа со сталью. Методом рентгеновской дифракции определено, что основной продукт коррозии — сульфиды железа (тетрагональный и кубический), формирующиеся в газообразной и жидкой фазах. Формы образующихся на поверхности стали кристаллов продуктов сероводородной коррозии исследовали методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Выявлено влияние отличий в их фазовом составе и кристаллических формах на общекоррозионные потери и наводороживание сталей. Кроме того, отсутствие сплошности в пленке сульфида железа может приводить к образованию локальных коррозионных дефектов на стальных конструкциях. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при оценке степени опасности сероводородной коррозии на стальном оборудовании газовых месторождений и трубопроводах, а также при подборе средств противокоррозионной защиты (например, ингибиторов коррозии).

Moscow obl., 142717, Russia; *e-mail: R_Vagapov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru

The impact of hydrogen sulfide contained in hydrocarbons extracted at oil and gas facilities on steel equipment and pipelines is dangerous not only due to corrosion damage, but also due to hydrogen penetration into carbon and low-alloy steels. However, such a negative impact on the durability and properties of structural materials has previously been studied mainly for liquid conditions typical of oil fields. The paper presents the results of a study of internal corrosion processes at gas fields. The patterns and features of the composition and properties of deposits formed in gas pipelines during the interaction of H2S-containing gas with steel were analyzed. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was determined that the main corrosion product is iron sulfides (tetragonal and cubic), formed in the gaseous and liquid phases. The forms of hydrogen sulfide corrosion product crystals formed on the steel surface were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of differences in their phase composition and crystalline forms on general corrosion losses and hydrogenation of steels was revealed. In addition, the lack of continuity in the iron sulfide film can lead to the formation of local corrosion defects on steel structures. The results obtained can be used to assess the degree of danger of hydrogen sulfide corrosion on steel equipment in gas fields and pipelines, as well as to select anti-corrosion protection agents (e. g., corrosion inhibitors).

сероводородскорость коррозиилокальная коррозияпродукты коррозиитетрагональный и кубический сульфид железаметод рентгеновской дифракциисканирующая электронная микроскопияhydrogen sulfidecorrosion ratelocalized corrosioncorrosion productstetragonal and cubic iron sulfideX-ray diffraction methodscanning electron microscopyReferencesLaycock N., Metri V., Ra S., et al. Key challenges for internal corrosion modeling of wet gas pipelines / Corrosion. 2024. Vol. 80. No. 12. P. 1146 – 1163. DOI: 10.5006/4532Laycock N., Metri V., Ra S., et al. Key challenges for internal corrosion modeling of wet gas pipelines / Corrosion. 2024. Vol. 80. No. 12. P. 1146 – 1163. DOI: 10.5006/4532Vagapov R. K. Resistance of Steels under Operating Conditions of Gas Fields Containing Aggressive CO2 in the Produced Media / Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res. 2022. Vol. 13. No. 1. P. 240 – 245. DOI: 10.1134/s2075113322010397Vagapov R. K. Resistance of Steels under Operating Conditions of Gas Fields Containing Aggressive CO2 in the Produced Media / Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res. 2022. Vol. 13. No. 1. P. 240 – 245. DOI: 10.1134/s2075113322010397Liu Zh., Wang Y., Zhai Y., et al. Corrosion behavior of low alloy steel used for new pipeline exposed to H2S-saturated solution / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2022. Vol. 47. P. 33000 – 33013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.203Liu Zh., Wang Y., Zhai Y., et al. Corrosion behavior of low alloy steel used for new pipeline exposed to H2S-saturated solution / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2022. Vol. 47. P. 33000 – 33013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.203Mohtadi-Bonab M., Eskandari M. A focus on different factors affecting hydrogen induced cracking in oil and natural gas pipeline steel / Eng. Failure Anal. 2017. Vol. 79. P. 351 – 360. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.05.022Mohtadi-Bonab M., Eskandari M. A focus on different factors affecting hydrogen induced cracking in oil and natural gas pipeline steel / Eng. Failure Anal. 2017. Vol. 79. P. 351 – 360. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.05.022Alanazi N. M., Al-Enezi A. A. The Effect of the Partial Pressure of H2S and CO2 on the Permeation of Hydrogen in Carbon Steel by Using Pressure Buildup Techniques / Corrosion. 2019. Vol. 75. P. 1207 – 1215. DOI: 10.5006/3128Alanazi N. M., Al-Enezi A. A. The Effect of the Partial Pressure of H2S and CO2 on the Permeation of Hydrogen in Carbon Steel by Using Pressure Buildup Techniques / Corrosion. 2019. Vol. 75. P. 1207 – 1215. DOI: 10.5006/3128Bai P. P., Liang Y. X., Zheng S. Q., et al. Effect of amorphous FeS semiconductor on the corrosion behavior of pipe steel in H2S-containing environments / Industr. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016. Vol. 55. No. 41. P. 10932 – 10940. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03000Bai P. P., Liang Y. X., Zheng S. Q., et al. Effect of amorphous FeS semiconductor on the corrosion behavior of pipe steel in H2S-containing environments / Industr. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016. Vol. 55. No. 41. P. 10932 – 10940. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03000Zhou C., Zheng Sh., Chen C., et al. The effect of the partial pressure of H2S on the permeation of hydrogen in low carbon pipeline steel / Corrosion Sci. 2013. Vol. 67. P. 184 – 192. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.016Zhou C., Zheng Sh., Chen C., et al. The effect of the partial pressure of H2S on the permeation of hydrogen in low carbon pipeline steel / Corrosion Sci. 2013. Vol. 67. P. 184 – 192. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.016Wei S., Zheng S., Liang J. New insights of the interaction of H2S with mackinawite FeS in a wet environment: An ab initio molecular dynamics study / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2024. Vol. 72. P. 1216 – 1223. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.225Wei S., Zheng S., Liang J. New insights of the interaction of H2S with mackinawite FeS in a wet environment: An ab initio molecular dynamics study / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2024. Vol. 72. P. 1216 – 1223. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.225Singer M., Brown B., Camacho A., et al. Combined Effect of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Acetic Acid on Bottom-of-the-Line Corrosion / Corrosion. 2011. Vol. 67. No. 1. P. 015004-1 – 015004-16. DOI: 10.5006/1.3543715Singer M., Brown B., Camacho A., et al. Combined Effect of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Acetic Acid on Bottom-of-the-Line Corrosion / Corrosion. 2011. Vol. 67. No. 1. P. 015004-1 – 015004-16. DOI: 10.5006/1.3543715Vagapov R. K., Kantyukov R. R., Zapevalov D. N. Investigation of the corrosiveness of moisture condensation conditions at gas production facilities in the presence of CO2 / Int. J. Corrosion Scale Inhib. 2021. Vol. 10. No. 3. P. 994 – 1010. DOI: 10.17675/2305-6894-2021-10-3-11Vagapov R. K., Kantyukov R. R., Zapevalov D. N. Investigation of the corrosiveness of moisture condensation conditions at gas production facilities in the presence of CO2 / Int. J. Corrosion Scale Inhib. 2021. Vol. 10. No. 3. P. 994 – 1010. DOI: 10.17675/2305-6894-2021-10-3-11Rozi F., Mohebbi H., Ismail M., et al. Laboratory investigation on the condensation and corrosion rates of top of line corrosion in carbon steel: a case study from pipeline transporting wet gas in elevated temperature / Corrosion Eng. Sci. Technol. 2018. Vol. 53. No. 6. P. 444 – 448. DOI: 10.1080/1478422x.2018.1499169Rozi F., Mohebbi H., Ismail M., et al. Laboratory investigation on the condensation and corrosion rates of top of line corrosion in carbon steel: a case study from pipeline transporting wet gas in elevated temperature / Corrosion Eng. Sci. Technol. 2018. Vol. 53. No. 6. P. 444 – 448. DOI: 10.1080/1478422x.2018.1499169Vagapov R. K., Mikhalkina O. G. Research of precipitations in assessing the causes of corrosion at gas facilities / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 4. P. 31 – 39 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-4-31-39Vagapov R. K., Mikhalkina O. G. Research of precipitations in assessing the causes of corrosion at gas facilities / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90. No. 4. P. 31 – 39 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-4-31-39Kantyukov R. R., Zapevalov D. N., Vagapov R. K. Assessment of the effect of operating conditions on the resistance of steels used in H2S-containing environments at hydrocarbon production facilities / Metallurgist. 2022. Vol. 65. P. 1369 – 1380. DOI: 10.1007/s11015-022-01284-4Kantyukov R. R., Zapevalov D. N., Vagapov R. K. Assessment of the effect of operating conditions on the resistance of steels used in H2S-containing environments at hydrocarbon production facilities / Metallurgist. 2022. Vol. 65. P. 1369 – 1380. DOI: 10.1007/s11015-022-01284-4Liu Zh., Wang Y., Zhai Y., et al. Corrosion behavior of low alloy steel used for new pipeline exposed to H2S-saturated solution / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2022. Vol. 47. No. 77. P. 33000 – 33013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.203Liu Zh., Wang Y., Zhai Y., et al. Corrosion behavior of low alloy steel used for new pipeline exposed to H2S-saturated solution / Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2022. Vol. 47. No. 77. P. 33000 – 33013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.203Shi F., Zhang L., Yang J., et al. Polymorphous FeS corrosion products of pipeline steel under highly sour conditions / Corrosion Sci. 2016. Vol. 102. P. 103 – 113. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.09.024Shi F., Zhang L., Yang J., et al. Polymorphous FeS corrosion products of pipeline steel under highly sour conditions / Corrosion Sci. 2016. Vol. 102. P. 103 – 113. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.09.024Rickard D., Luther G. Chemistry of iron sulfides / Chem. Rev. 2007. Vol. 107. No. 2. P. 514 – 562. DOI: 10.1021/cr0503658Rickard D., Luther G. Chemistry of iron sulfides / Chem. Rev. 2007. Vol. 107. No. 2. P. 514 – 562. DOI: 10.1021/cr0503658Wen X., Bai P., Luo B., et al. Review of recent progress in the study of corrosion products of steels in a hydrogen sulphide environment / Corrosion Sci. 2018. Vol. 139. P. 124 – 140. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2018.05.002Wen X., Bai P., Luo B., et al. Review of recent progress in the study of corrosion products of steels in a hydrogen sulphide environment / Corrosion Sci. 2018. Vol. 139. P. 124 – 140. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2018.05.002Bai P., Zheng Sh., Zhao H., et al. Investigations of the diverse corrosion products on steel in a hydrogen sulfide environment / Corrosion Sci. 2014. Vol. 87. P. 397 – 406. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.06.048Bai P., Zheng Sh., Zhao H., et al. Investigations of the diverse corrosion products on steel in a hydrogen sulfide environment / Corrosion Sci. 2014. Vol. 87. P. 397 – 406. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.06.048Vagapov R. K., Ibatullin K. A., Yarkovoy V. V. Simulation of the Modes of Medium Flow Movement through a Gas Pipeline during Corrosion Tests / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2023. Vol. 89. No. 10. P. 40 – 46 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-10-40-46Vagapov R. K., Ibatullin K. A., Yarkovoy V. V. Simulation of the Modes of Medium Flow Movement through a Gas Pipeline during Corrosion Tests / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2023. Vol. 89. No. 10. P. 40 – 46 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-10-40-46Tsygankova L. E., Uryadnikov A. A., Abramov A. E., et al. Inhibiting formulations against hydrogen sulfide corrosion of carbon steel / Int. J. Corrosion Scale Inhib. 2022. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 102 – 110. DOI: 10.17675/2305-6894-2021-11-1-5Tsygankova L. E., Uryadnikov A. A., Abramov A. E., et al. Inhibiting formulations against hydrogen sulfide corrosion of carbon steel / Int. J. Corrosion Scale Inhib. 2022. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 102 – 110. DOI: 10.17675/2305-6894-2021-11-1-5Obot B., Solomon M., Umoren S., et al. Progress in the development of sour corrosion inhibitors: Past, present, and future perspectives / J. Industr. Eng. Chem. 2019. Vol. 79. P. 1 – 18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.046Obot B., Solomon M., Umoren S., et al. Progress in the development of sour corrosion inhibitors: Past, present, and future perspectives / J. Industr. Eng. Chem. 2019. Vol. 79. P. 1 – 18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.046Pessu F., Barker R., Chang F., et al. Iron sulphide formation and interaction with corrosion inhibitor in H2S-containing environments / J. Petroleum Sci. Eng. 2021. Vol. 207. Art. 109152. DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109152Pessu F., Barker R., Chang F., et al. Iron sulphide formation and interaction with corrosion inhibitor in H2S-containing environments / J. Petroleum Sci. Eng. 2021. Vol. 207. Art. 109152. DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109152Zhou C., Chen X., Wang Z., et al. Effects of environmental conditions on hydrogen permeation of X52 pipeline steel exposed to high H2S-containing solutions / Corrosion Sci. 2014. Vol. 89. P. 30 – 37. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.061Zhou C., Chen X., Wang Z., et al. Effects of environmental conditions on hydrogen permeation of X52 pipeline steel exposed to high H2S-containing solutions / Corrosion Sci. 2014. Vol. 89. P. 30 – 37. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.061Talukdar A., Rajaraman P. Effect of acetic acid in CO2-H2S corrosion of carbon steel at elevated temperature / Mater. Today: Proc. 2022. Vol. 57. No. 4. P. 1842 – 1845. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.036Talukdar A., Rajaraman P. Effect of acetic acid in CO2-H2S corrosion of carbon steel at elevated temperature / Mater. Today: Proc. 2022. Vol. 57. No. 4. P. 1842 – 1845. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.036Bai P., Zhao H., Zheng Sh., et al. Initiation and developmental stages of steel corrosion in wet H2S environments / Corrosion Sci. 2015. Vol. 93. P. 109 – 119. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.024Bai P., Zhao H., Zheng Sh., et al. Initiation and developmental stages of steel corrosion in wet H2S environments / Corrosion Sci. 2015. Vol. 93. P. 109 – 119. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.024

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.