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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-12-101-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трибодиагностика начальной стадии износа моющих присадок в моторном масле</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tribodiagnostics of the initial stage of wear of detergent additives in in motor oil</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скотникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skotnikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Александровна Скотникова</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita A. Skotnikova</p><p>29, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skotnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Александрович Виноградов</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Vinogradov</p><p>29, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Валерьевна Иванова</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Ivanova</p><p>29, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Викторовна Цветкова</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Tsvetkova</p><p>29, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галышев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyshev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Витальевич Галышев</p><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Galyshev</p><p>29, Polytekhnicheskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 195251</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скотникова М.А., Виноградов Д.А., Иванова Г.В., Цветкова Г.В., Галышев Ю.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скотникова М.А., Виноградов Д.А., Иванова Г.В., Цветкова Г.В., Галышев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skotnikova M.A., Vinogradov D.A., Ivanova G.V., Tsvetkova G.V., Galyshev Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2678">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2678</self-uri><abstract><p>Моторное масло требует частой замены, поэтому необходима диагностика механохимического процесса износа (срабатывания) моющих присадок. В работе представлены результаты исследования процесса износа моющих присадок и естественного старения моторного масла М-6з/12Г1 после обработки торцевым трением и возникновения частиц износа на начальном этапе работы двигателя. При испытаниях использовали методы металлографии и ядерного магнитного резонанса. Установлено, что время релаксации протонов исследуемого моторного масла уменьшается с ростом в его коллоидном растворе количества ферромагнитных частиц — продуктов износа. Вместе с тем по мере увеличения в масле количества частиц износа растет размер молекулярных комплексов моющих присадок за счет их коагуляции (достижения состояния минимальной энергии). Комплексы обволакивают частицы износа и удерживают их в коллоидном растворе во взвешенном состоянии. Показано, что после торцевого трения в течение 0,5 и 3,0 ч и роста количества частиц износа, 10-дневной выдержки (при неработающем двигателе) и последующего встряхивания время спин-спиновой релаксации масла не увеличивается, а напротив, значительно сокращается (в 1,6 и 2,8 раза соответственно) за счет окислительных процессов, протекающих при взаимодействии с кислородом воздуха (естественного старения). После естественного старения масло, не содержащее продукты износа, теряет свои эксплуатационные свойства в 2 – 3 раза медленнее по сравнению с отработанным и состаренным аналогом. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для трибодиагностики начальной стадии износа моющих присадок в моторном масле.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Engine oil requires frequent replacement, so it is necessary to diagnose the mechanochemical process of wear (processing) of detergent additives. The paper presents the results of a study of the wear process of detergent additives and the natural aging of M-6z/12G1 engine oil after friction treatment and the appearance of wear particles at the initial stage of engine operation. Metallography and nuclear magnetic resonance methods were used in the tests. It was found that the relaxation time of protons of the engine oil under study decreases with an increase in the number of ferromagnetic particles in its colloidal solution, which are wear products. At the same time, as the number of wear particles in the oil increases, the size of the molecular complexes of detergent additives increases due to their coagulation (achieving a minimum energy state). The complexes envelop the wear particles and keep them suspended in a colloidal solution. It is shown that after mechanical friction for 0.5 and 3.0 h and an increase in the number of wear particles, 10-day exposure (with the engine not running) and subsequent shaking, the spin-spin relaxation time of the oil does not increase, but, on the contrary, is significantly reduced (by 1.6 and 2.8 times, respectively) due to oxidative processes occurring during the interaction with oxygen in the air (natural aging). After natural aging, oil that does not contain wear products loses its performance properties 2 – 3 times slower than its spent and aged counterparts. The results obtained can be used for tribodiagnostics of the initial wear stage of detergent additives in engine oil.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диагностика материалов</kwd><kwd>моторное масло</kwd><kwd>моющие присадки</kwd><kwd>износ</kwd><kwd>ЯМР</kwd><kwd>металлография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diagnostics of materials</kwd><kwd>motor oil</kwd><kwd>detergent additives</kwd><kwd>wear</kwd><kwd>NMR</kwd><kwd>metallography</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда No 25-  19-20092 (https://rscf.ru/project/25-19-20092) и гранта Санкт- Петербургского научного фонда.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-19-20092) and a grant from the St. Petersburg Science Foundation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухаметзянов И. 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