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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2025-91-12-108-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ. Технические заметки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES RESEARCH. MATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETY. Technical Notes</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иллюстрация эффективности биомиметического крепления композитных деталей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effectiveness illustration of biomimetic fastening of composite parts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полилов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polilov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Полилов</p><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Polilov</p><p>4, Malyi Kharitonyevsky per., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polilovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данила Денисович Власов</p><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danila D. Vlasov</p><p>4, Malyi Kharitonyevsky per., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Юрьевна Волкова</p><p>101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Volkova</p><p>4, Malyi Kharitonyevsky per., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д., Волкова О.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полилов А.Н., Власов Д.Д., Волкова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polilov A.N., Vlasov D.D., Volkova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2679">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2679</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из основных проблем проектирования композитных конструкций является создание надежных методов крепления, поскольку традиционные просверленные отверстия разрушают несущие волокна, что приводит к значительной концентрации напряжений и снижению прочности. Цель данной работы заключалась в разработке и иллюстрации биоподобного метода крепления композитных деталей путем создания криволинейной структуры армирования, имитирующей зону сучка в древесине. Показано, что итерационный алгоритм компьютерного моделирования траекторий волокон, «обтекающих» отверстие, позволяет построить структуру армирования, в которой «коэффициент перегрузки волокон» составляет всего 1,3 вместо коэффициента концентрации напряжений, равного примерно пяти в пластине из однонаправленного углепластика с круговым отверстием. Эксперименты на деревянных образцах с удаленным сучком и с просверленными отверстиями, а также на композитных образцах с криволинейным армированием, изготовленных с помощью 3D-печати, подтвердили эффективность предложенного подхода. Сохранение структуры армирования в зоне сучка приводит к тому, что отверстие от удаленного сучка не влияет на прочность и разрушение происходит в стороне от отверстия. Полученные результаты подтверждают перспективность использования биоподобных видов соединений для существенного повышения несущей способности и долговечности узлов крепления композитов, что особенно важно для крупногабаритных конструкций аэрокосмической техники.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main problems in designing composite structures is the creation of reliable fastening methods, since traditional drilled holes destroy load-bearing fibers, leading to significant stress concentration and reduced strength. The aim of this work is to develop and illustrate a bio-inspired method for fastening composite parts by creating a curved reinforcement structure that mimics the knot zone in wood. It is shown that an iterative algorithm for computer modeling of fiber trajectories «flowing» around the hole, allows the construction of a reinforcement structure in which the «fiber overload coefficient» is only 1.3 instead of a stress concentration coefficient of about five in a unidirectional carbon fiber plate with a circular hole. Experiments on wooden samples with removed knots and drilled holes, as well as on composite samples with curved reinforcement made using 3D printing, confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Preserving the reinforcement structure in the knot area means that the hole from the removed knot does not affect the strength at all, and failure occurs away from the hole. The results confirm the promise of using bio-like joints to significantly increase the load-bearing capacity and durability of composite fasteners, which is especially important for large aerospace structures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волокнистый полимерный композит (ПКМ)</kwd><kwd>концентрация напряжений</kwd><kwd>отверстие</kwd><kwd>сучок</kwd><kwd>криволинейная траектория волокон</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)</kwd><kwd>stress concentration</kwd><kwd>non-uniform stress-strain-state</kwd><kwd>hole</kwd><kwd>rivet connection</kwd><kwd>curvilinear fiber trajectory</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России, Соглашение No 075-15-2025-646.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang J., Haftka R. 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