zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2026-92-4-43-49zldm-2797Research ArticleФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯPHYSICAL METHODS OF RESEARCH AND MONITORINGИсследование характеристик керамического режущего инструмента на основе оксида алюминия (обзор)Study of ceramic cutting tools based on aluminum oxide (review)БолдинМ. С.BoldinM. S.

Максим Сергеевич Болдин

603022, г. Нижний Новгород, просп. Гагарина, д. 23

Maxim S. Boldin

23, prosp. Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022

ИсуповаЕ. А.IsupovaE. A.

Евгения Александровна Исупова

603022, г. Нижний Новгород, просп. Гагарина, д. 23

Evgeniya A. Isupova

23, prosp. Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022

evgeniya.isupova@nifti.unn.ruНациональный исследовательский нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. ЛобачевскогоРоссияLobachevsky UniversityRussian Federation2026280420269244349Copyright © Болдин М.С., Исупова Е.А., 20262026Болдин М.С., Исупова Е.А.Boldin M.S., Isupova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2797

Керамические материалы на основе оксида алюминия (Al2O3) широко применяют в промышленности благодаря уникальному сочетанию высокой твердости, термостойкости и химической инертности. Цель работы — обзор исследований эксплуатационных характеристик керамического режущего инструмента на основе оксида алюминия. Рассмотрены такие ключевые факторы, определяющие эксплуатационные характеристики инструмента, как химическая чистота исходных порошков, модификация состава керамики с учетом условий эксплуатации, микроструктура материала (размер зерна, пористость, состояние границ зерен) и остаточные напряжения, возникающие при спекании керамик. Показано, что износостойкость керамик на основе Al2O3 в первую очередь определяется стабильностью границ зерен (отсутствием расположенных вдоль границ зерен аморфных фаз и пор). Твердость, зависящая от размера зерна, также оказывает влияние. Выявлено, что наименьший износ наблюдается в керамике с размером зерна 0,4 – 0,65 мкм. Предложена процедура оценки прочности керамик, включающая расчет критического напряжения, необходимого для движения трещин вдоль границ зерен. Установлено, что после шлифовки прочность спеченной на воздухе керамики возрастает на 30 %, тогда как прочность керамики, спеченной в среде водорода, падает на 10 %. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при разработке новых методов управления структурой границ зерен и снижения влияния структурных дефектов на эксплуатационные характеристики керамического инструмента.

Ceramic materials based on aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are widely used in industry due to their unique combination of high hardness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. The objective of this work is to review studies on the performance characteristics of ceramic cutting tools based on aluminum oxide. Key factors determining tool performance were examined, including the chemical purity of starting powders, composition modification of ceramics tailored to operating conditions, material microstructure (grain size, porosity, grain boundary state), and residual stresses arising during sintering. It is demonstrated that the wear resistance of Al2O3-based ceramics is primarily governed by the stability of grain boundaries (absence of amorphous phases and pores located along grain boundaries). Hardness, which depends on grain size, also exerts an influence. It was found that the lowest wear occurs in ceramics with grain sizes of 0.4 – 0.65 μm. A procedure for evaluating ceramic strength is proposed, incorporating the calculation of critical stress required for crack propagation along grain boundaries. It was established that, following grinding, the strength of conventional sintered ceramics increases by 30%, whereas the strength of ceramics sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere decreases by 10%. The research findings can be applied to develop new methods for controlling grain boundary structure and mitigating the impact of structural defects on the performance characteristics of ceramic cutting tools.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.