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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2026-92-4-55-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL TESTING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Критериальная база материаловедения в области конструкционной прочности и техногенной безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Criteria base of materials science in the field of structural strength and technogenic safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махутов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhutov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Андреевич Махутов</p><p>101990, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Makhutov</p><p>4, Malyi Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kei51@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаденин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadenin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Матвеевич Гаденин</p><p>101990, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Gadenin</p><p>4, Malyi Kharitonievsky per., Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>92</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Махутов Н.А., Гаденин М.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Махутов Н.А., Гаденин М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhutov N.A., Gadenin M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2799">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2799</self-uri><abstract><p>В процессе эксплуатации технические системы испытывают воздействия суммарных нагрузок, физических полей и коррозионных сред. При этом в зонах высокой концентрации напряжений возникают поля не только напряжений и деформаций, но и повреждений. В зависимости от условий нагружения и окружающей среды реализуются различные механизмы накопления повреждений и разрушения. Среди этих механизмов наиболее опасными являются те, которые с учетом длительного статического и термомеханического циклического нагружения приводят к катастрофическому (лавинообразному) разрушению. Определение и анализ физически связанных особенностей неизотермических и статических механизмов накопления повреждений в материале играют важную роль при формировании критериев достижения различных типов предельных состояний. Эти критерии описываются соответствующими уравнениями состояния с входящими в них параметрами критериальных характеристик механических свойств материалов. Показано, что перспективным в направлении разработки материаловедческой критериальной базы конструкционной прочности и техногенной безопасности является обоснование соответствующих моделей суммирования повреждений для условий комплексного воздействия повреждающих эксплуатационных факторов. При этом, помимо стандартных механических свойств конструкционных материалов, в состав критериальной базы конструкционного материаловедения должны быть включены характеристики трещиностойкости, усталости, хладостойкости, коррозионной стойкости, сопротивления циклическим упругим и пластическим деформациям, циклического упрочнения, разупрочнения и стабилизации материала при повторном упругопластическом деформировании в широком диапазоне температур эксплуатационного нагружения. Новым перспективным интегральным критерием обеспечения безопасности эксплуатации объектов техносферы является критерий неприемлемого (критического) техногенного риска. На основе критериальной базы конструкционного материаловедения этот критерий учитывает вероятность возникновения в объектах повреждений, отказов, разрушений, аварийных и катастрофических ситуаций на всех стадиях их жизненного цикла при проектных, запроектных и гипотетических ситуациях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In use of technical systems and impact on them total loadings, physical fields and corrosion environments initiation in zones of high concentration of stresses of their elements not only fields of stresses and strains, but also fields of damages takes place. At the same time depending on conditions of loading and environment various mechanisms of damages accumulation and fracture are realized. Among these mechanisms are the most dangerous such which taking into account of long static and thermomechanical cyclic loading lead to catastrophic (avalanche) fracture. At the same time identification and analysis of physically connected specificities of not isothermal and statistical mechanisms of accumulation of damages to material plays a very important role when forming criteria of achievement of various types of limit states which are described by the corresponding state equations with the parameters of criteria characteristics of mechanical properties of materials entering them. It is shown that in the direction of working out of materials criteria base of structural strength and technogenic safety justification of models of damages summation at complex impact conditions of the damaging operational factors is perspective. At the same time in addition to standard characteristicses of mechanical properties of structural materials it is necessary to include in the content of criteria base of structural materials science characteristicses of crack resistance, fatigue, cold resistance, corrosion resistance, characteristics of resistance to elastic and plastic strains, characteristics of cyclic hardening, softening and stabilization of material at repeated elastoplastic deformation in the wide range of temperatures of operational loading. New, perspective integrated criteria of safety of operation of technosphere objects is the criteria of unacceptable (critical) technogenic risk considering on the basis of criteria base of structural materials science probability of initiation to them of damages, refusals, fractures, emergency and catastrophic situations at all stages of a lifetime at design, beyond design basis and hypothetical situations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>критериальные характеристики</kwd><kwd>технические системы</kwd><kwd>механические свойства материалов</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>напряжения</kwd><kwd>деформации</kwd><kwd>повреждение</kwd><kwd>разрушение</kwd><kwd>техногенная безопасность</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>criteria characteristicses</kwd><kwd>technical systems</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties of materials</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>stresses</kwd><kwd>strains</kwd><kwd>damage</kwd><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>technogenic safety</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Государственного задания, код (шифр) научной темы, присвоенной учредителем (организацией) FFGU-2024-0021.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Махутов Н. 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