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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2026-92-5-20-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-2826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление фальсификации сливочного масла говяжьим жиром методом изотопной масс-спектрометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection of butter adulteration with beef fat using isotope ratio mass spectrometry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Константиновна Шарапова</p><p>123022, Москва, Звенигородское шоссе, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina K. Sharapova</p><p>5, Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Алексеевич Макаров</p><p>123022, Москва, Звенигородское шоссе, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Makarov</p><p>5, Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phorez@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьяков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Викторович Третьяков</p><p>123022, Москва, Звенигородское шоссе, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Tretyakov</p><p>5, Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Юрьевич Ганин</p><p>123022, Москва, Звенигородское шоссе, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Ganin</p><p>5, Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский государственный центр качества и стандартизации лекарственных средств для животных и кормов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>92</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарапова Е.К., Макаров Д.А., Третьяков А.В., Ганин М.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарапова Е.К., Макаров Д.А., Третьяков А.В., Ганин М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharapova E.K., Makarov D.A., Tretyakov A.V., Ganin M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2826">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2826</self-uri><abstract><p>Молочная продукция активно подвергается фальсификации жирами немолочного происхождения, включая говяжий нутряной жир. Традиционные методы определения подлинности молочного жира основаны на анализе жирнокислотного, стеринового и триглицеридного состава. В работе впервые предложен подход с использованием изотопной масс-спектрометрии, основанный на различии отношений изотопов углерода коровьего молочного жира и жировой ткани. Метод заключается в получении метиловых эфиров жирных кислот (МЭЖК) с использованием щелочи с последующим газохроматографическим разделением, сжиганием в элементном анализаторе и детектированием с помощью изотопного масс-детектора. Показано, что пробоподготовка не оказывает значимого влияния на изотопные характеристики углерода МЭЖК. Определены показатели разницы между δ13C метиловых эфиров стеариновой и пальмитиновой (δ13CC18:0 – δ13CC16:0) и стеариновой и миристиновой кислот (δ13CC18:0 – δ13CC14:0). На основе суммы данных показателей установлены критерии наличия говяжьего жира в образцах сливочного масла: менее –8 ‰ — натуральное сливочное масло; от –8 до –2 ‰ — масло с добавлением более 15 % говяжьего жира; свыше –2 ‰ — говяжий жир. При содержании говяжьего жира менее 15 % образцы не удается отличить от натурального масла данным методом. Предложенный подход для определения подлинности молочного жира является менее трудозатратным и более экспрессным по сравнению с традиционным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dairy products are frequently adulterated with non-dairy fats, including beef fat. Traditional methods for authenticating milk fat are based on the analysis of fatty acid, sterol, and triglyceride compositions. This study presents a novel approach using isotope mass spectrometry, based on the difference in carbon isotope ratios between cow’s milk fat and adipose tissue. The method involves the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) via alkaline treatment, followed by their separation using gas chromatography, burning in the element analyser, and detection by an isotope mass spectrometer. It is shown that sample preparation has no significant effect on the carbon isotopic characteristics of FAMEs. The differences in δ13C values between methyl esters of stearic and palmitic acids (δ13CC18:0 – δ13CC14:0) and stearic and myristic acids (δ13CC18:0 – δ13CC14:0) were determined. Based on the sum of these differential values, criteria were established to detect the presence of beef fat in butter samples: less that –8‰ — natural butter; from –8 to –2‰ — butter with addition of more than 15% of beef fat; over –2‰ — beef fat. If the beef fat content is less than 15%, the samples cannot be distinguished from natural butter by this method. The proposed approach for determining the authenticity of milk fat is less work-consuming and more rapid than the traditional one.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изотопная масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматография</kwd><kwd>отношение изотопов углерода</kwd><kwd>метиловые эфиры жирных кислот</kwd><kwd>фальсификация молочной продукции</kwd><kwd>говяжий жир</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>isotope ratio mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography</kwd><kwd>carbon isotopes ratio</kwd><kwd>fatty acid methyl esters</kwd><kwd>dairy product adulteration</kwd><kwd>beef fat</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Federal State Information System in the Field of Veterinary Medicine «VetIS» (restricted data) [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal State Information System in the Field of Veterinary Medicine «VetIS» (restricted data) [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarov D. 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