zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2026-92-7-19-29zldm-2883Research ArticleАНАЛИЗ ВЕЩЕСТВАSUBSTANCES ANALYSISСпецифика и практика валидации судебно-экспертных методикSpecificity and practice of validation of forensic methodsБебешкоГ. И.BebeshkoG. I.

Галина Ивановна Бебешко

109044, Москва, 4-й Крутицкий пер., д. 10, стр. 1

Galina I. Bebeshko

10 str. 1, 4-i Krutitsky per., Moscow, 109044

109382@mail.ruОмельянюкГ. Г.Omel’yanyukG. G.

Георгий Георгиевич Омельянюк

109044, Москва, 4-й Крутицкий пер., д. 10, стр. 1

105005, Москва, 2-я Бауманская ул., д. 5, стр. 1

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12

Georgii G. Omel’yanyuk

10 str. 1, 4-i Krutitsky per., Moscow, 109044

5 str. 4, 2-ya Baumanskaya ul., Moscow, 105005

1 str. 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

УсовА. И.UsovA. I.

Александр Иванович Усов

109044, Москва, 4-й Крутицкий пер., д. 10, стр. 1

105005, Москва, 2-я Бауманская ул., д. 5, стр. 1

117638, Москва, ул. Азовская, д. 2, корп. 1

Aleksandr I. Usov

10 str. 1, 4-i Krutitsky per., Moscow, 109044

5 str. 4, 2-ya Baumanskaya ul., Moscow, 105005

2 korp. 1, Azovskaya ul., Moscow, 117638

НикулинаМ. В.NikulinaM. V.

Марина Вячеславовна Никулина

109044, Москва, 4-й Крутицкий пер., д. 10, стр. 1

Marina V. Nikulina

10 str. 1, 4-i Krutitsky per., Moscow, 109044

Российский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы им. профессора А. Р. Шляхова при Министерстве юстиции Российской ФедерацииРоссияProfessor A. R. Shlyakhov Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian FederationRussian FederationРоссийский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы им. профессора А. Р. Шляхова при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, биологический факультетРоссияProfessor A. R. Shlyakhov Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of BiologyRussian FederationРоссийский федеральный центр судебной экспертизы им. профессора А. Р. Шляхова при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации; Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана; Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)РоссияProfessor A. R. Shlyakhov Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University; All-Russian State University of JusticeRussian Federation2026260720269271929Copyright © Бебешко Г.И., Омельянюк Г.Г., Усов А.И., Никулина М.В., 20262026Бебешко Г.И., Омельянюк Г.Г., Усов А.И., Никулина М.В.Bebeshko G.I., Omel’yanyuk G.G., Usov A.I., Nikulina M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2883

Процедура метрологической валидации судебно-экспертных методик является эффективным приемом для подтверждения достоверности получаемых по ним результатов при исследовании объектов судебной экспертизы. Выводы судебного эксперта могут оказывать значительное влияние на различные аспекты судебного процесса и его исход. Отсутствие соответствующей нормативной правовой базы применительно к сфере судопроизводства требует изучения методологии валидации и специфики судебно-экспертных методик. С учетом двух видов контролируемых показателей (количественные и качественные) различают судебно-экспертные методики измерения (СЭМИ) и судебно-экспертные методики тестирования (СЭМТ). Показано, что валидация СЭМИ аналогична соответствующей процедуре для методик количественного химического анализа. Рассмотрена специфика валидации СЭМТ, связанная с параметрами (требованиями к целевому применению) и организацией эксперимента. Рассмотрены конкретные примеры использования слепых испытаний в ходе валидации. Статистическая оценка параметра надежности методики тестирования основана на подсчете числа ложных/правильных результатов. Представлены терминология и формулы расчета разных показателей ложных/правильных и положительных/отрицательных результатов качественного тестирования. Показаны возможности оценки границ достоверности результатов валидации СЭМИ и СЭМТ, а также результатов измерений в сравнительных исследованиях объектов экспертизы для решения идентификационных задач. Подробно изучены и показаны особенности валидации судебно-экспертных методик, используемых в пороговых испытаниях.

The metrological validation of forensic methods is an effective precedure for confirming the reliability of the results obtained for researching forensic objects. The lack of a regulatory framework requires a study of the validation methodology and the specifics of forensic methods. In connection with two types of controlled indicators (quantitative and qualitative), the methods are divided into two types: forensic measurement methods (FMM) and testing methods (FTM). It was shown that the validation of FMM coincides with the corresponding procedure for quantitative chemical analysis methods. The specifics of validation of forensic testing methods related to parameters (requirements for targeted use) and the organization of the experiment were considered. Specific examples of the use of blind tests in the validation procedure are given. Statistical evaluation of the reliability parameter of the test method is based on the calculation of the number of false/true results. A terminology and formulas for calculating different indicators of false/true positive/negative results of qualitative testing are presented. The possibilities of assessing the reliability limits of validation results of the FMM and FTM methods, as well as the results of measurements in comparative studies of the objects of expertise for solving identification problems are shown. The specifics of validation of forensic methods used in threshold tests have been studied in detail and shown.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.