zldmЗаводская лаборатория. Диагностика материаловIndustrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials1028-68612588-0187ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»10.26896/1028-6861-2026-92-9-92-98zldm-2942Research ArticleМЕХАНИКА МАТЕРИАЛА: ПРОЧНОСТЬ, РЕСУРС, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬMATERIALS MECHANICS: STRENGTH, DURABILITY, SAFETYФизико-математическая модель оптимальных геометрических размеров тензометрического датчика давления на основе численного моделированияPhysical and mathematical model of optimal geometric dimensions of a strain gauge for a dual-diaphragm pressure sensor based on numerical modelingГаврюшинС. С.GavriushinS. S.

Сергей Сергеевич Гаврюшин

101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4

Sergey S. Gavriushin

4, Malyi Kharitonyevsky per., Moscow, 101990

СкворцовП. А.SkvortsovP. A.

Павел Аркадьевич Скворцов

101000, Москва, Малый Харитоньевский пер., д. 4

Pavel A. Skvortsov

4, Malyi Kharitonyevsky per., Moscow, 101990

РябовН. В.RiabovN. V.

Никита Валерьевич Рябов

107023, Москва, Большая Семёновская ул., д. 38

Nikita V. Riabov

38, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya ul., Moscow, 107023

ryabovnv@internet.ruИнститут машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова Российской академии наукРоссияMechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationМосковский политехнический университетРоссияMoscow Polytechnic UniversityRussian Federation2026250920269299298Copyright © Гаврюшин С.С., Скворцов П.А., Рябов Н.В., 20262026Гаврюшин С.С., Скворцов П.А., Рябов Н.В.Gavriushin S.S., Skvortsov P.A., Riabov N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/2942

Исследование посвящено решению актуальной научно-прикладной задачи повышения метрологических характеристик тензометрических датчиков давления, в частности — их чувствительности к измерению малых давлений. Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что для современного приборостроения требуются миниатюрные высокоточные измерительные преобразователи. Вопрос целенаправленной оптимизации геометрии и позиционирования тензочувствительных элементов изучен недостаточно. Основная цель работы — определение оптимального сочетания размера тензодатчика и места его размещения относительно мембраны для повышения уровня выходного сигнала в области измерения малых давлений. Проведено детальное трехмерное моделирование датчика методом конечных элементов с помощью специализированного инженерного программного комплекса. Полная пространственная модель позволила с высокой достоверностью проанализировать распределение деформаций в сложной составной структуре датчика и оценить влияние вариаций геометрии. На основе обширного численного эксперимента (путем системного варьирования параметров) выявлены общие закономерности изменения механического отклика. Полученный массив данных послужил основой для построения обобщенной физико-математической модели связи между геометрией чувствительного элемента и результирующей разностью деформаций. Модель, разработанная с применением методов регрессионного анализа, имеет раздельный вид для различных зон расположения элемента, что повышает ее адекватность. Основной научный результат — разработка модели, позволяющей проводить оценку и рациональный выбор геометрической конфигурации тензопреобразователя на этапе проектирования. Практическая значимость работы заключается в формулировке конкретных рекомендаций по выбору оптимальных размеров и расположения чувствительных элементов для достижения максимального уровня выходного сигнала. Результаты представляют ценность для инженеров и исследователей, занимающихся разработкой и оптимизацией высокочувствительной измерительной аппаратуры в таких областях, как аэрокосмическая техника, энергетика, робототехника и промышленная автоматика.

The study is devoted to solving an urgent scientific and applied problem of improving the metrological characteristics of strain gauge pressure sensors, in particular, their sensitivity in the field of low pressure measurement. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that in modern instrumentation there remains a need to miniaturize and improve the accuracy of measuring transducers, while the issue of purposeful optimization of the geometry and location of strain-sensitive elements often remains insufficiently studied. The main goal is to determine the optimal combination of the load cell size and its placement relative to the membrane to increase the output signal level in the field of low pressure measurement. To achieve this goal, detailed three-dimensional modeling using the finite element method was carried out in a specialized engineering software package. The use of a complete spatial model made it possible to analyze with high reliability the distribution of deformations in the complex composite structure of the sensor and to assess the influence of variations in geometry. Based on an extensive numerical experiment, by systematically varying the parameters, general patterns of changes in the mechanical response were identified. The obtained data set served as the basis for constructing a generalized physicomathematical model of the relationship between the geometry of the sensor element and the resulting strain difference. The model developed using regression analysis methods has a separate view for different zones of the element location, which increases its adequacy. The main scientific result is the developed model, which makes it possible to evaluate and rationally select the geometric configuration of the load cell at the design stage. The practical significance of the work lies in the formulation of specific recommendations for choosing the optimal proportions and location of the sensing elements to achieve the maximum output signal level. The results are of value to engineers and researchers involved in the development and optimization of highly sensitive measuring equipment in fields such as aerospace engineering, energy, robotics, and industrial automation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.