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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-12-32-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ. ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TESTING OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS. PHYSICAL METHODS OF TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование свойств материалов методами абсорбционной и дифракционной рентгеновской микротомографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>X-ray microtomography setup for absorption and diffraction tomography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асадчиков</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asadchikov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Евгеньевич Асадчиков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor E. Asadchikov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузмаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzmakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Бузмаков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Buzmakov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьячкова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyachkova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Геннадьевна Дьячкова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Dyachkova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Александрович Золотов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Zolotov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоносов</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonosov</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Станиславович Кривоносов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri S. Krivonosov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusakov</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Артемьевич Русаков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Rusakov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуховский</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhovskii</surname><given-names>F. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Феликс Николаевич Чуховский</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Felix N. Chukhovskii</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asad@crys.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФНИЦ «Кристаллография и фотоника», РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асадчиков В.Е., Бузмаков А.В., Дьячкова И.Г., Золотов Д.А., Кривоносов Ю.С., Русаков А.А., Чуховский Ф.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асадчиков В.Е., Бузмаков А.В., Дьячкова И.Г., Золотов Д.А., Кривоносов Ю.С., Русаков А.А., Чуховский Ф.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Asadchikov V.E., Buzmakov A.V., Dyachkova I.G., Zolotov D.A., Krivonosov Y.S., Rusakov А.A., Chukhovskii F.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/852">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/852</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты исследований монокристаллов кремния и желчных камней с помощью лабораторного рентгеновского микротомографа с пространственным разрешением 10 мкм. Методика томографического эксперимента включала использование монохроматичного «параллельного пучка» с последующей трехмерной реконструкцией на основе набора двумерных проекций. Топотомографические измерения проводили в режиме вращения исследуемых образцов вокруг нормали к отражающей плоскости, настроенной по геометрии дифракционного отражения Лауэ, что позволило идентифицировать и исследовать одиночные дислокации в кристаллах совершенного кремния. Моделирование дислокационных петель осуществляли на основе численного решения уравнений Такаги – Топена. Используя микротомографию, in vitro исследовали желчные камни человека. Установили, что камни имеют слоистые образования, которые по своему составу могут быть модификациями карбоната кальция. Внутренняя структура камней неоднородна и содержит многочисленные полости и трещины, образованные в процессе их роста. Вместе с тем оценка пористости желчных камней необходима, поскольку последняя может влиять на скорость растворения камня при лечении литолитическими методами. По результатам измерений определяли линейные коэффициенты ослабления рентгеновского излучения холестериновых конкрементов. Хорошее совпадение экспериментально полученных коэффициентов поглощения с расчетом на основе табличных данных для чистого холестерина позволило предположить, что томографический метод можно использовать для прижизненной диагностики желчных камней холестеринового типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of studying silicon single crystals and gallstones on a laboratory X-ray microtomograph with a spatial resolution of 10 µm (developed at the Federal Scientific Research Centre for «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences) are reviewed. The method of tomographic experiment included the use of a monochromatic «parallel beam» with subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction based on a set of two-dimensional projections. Topotomographic measurements were performed in the mode of rotation of the samples under study around the normal to the reflecting plane adjusted to the Laue diffraction reflection geometry, which made it possible to identify and study single dislocations in perfect silicon crystals. Simulation of the dislocation loops was carried out on the basis of numerical solution of the Takagi-Taupin equations. In-vitro microtomographic study of human gallstones revealed the layered structure of the gallstones which are close in composition to modifications of calcium carbonate. The internal structure of the stones is heterogeneous and contains numerous cavities and cracks formed upon their growth. At the same time, the evaluation of the porosity of gallstones is necessary, since the latter can affect the rate of stone dissolution in their treatment by litholytic methods. Linear attenuation coefficients of x-ray radiation of cholesterol-type gallstones were calculated from the measurement results. The good agreement of the experimentally obtained results and calculations based on tabular data for pure cholesterol is demonstrated which proved that the tomographic method can be used for in vivo diagnosis of cholesterol-type gallstones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рентгеновская микротомография</kwd><kwd>топотомография</kwd><kwd>абсорбционная томография</kwd><kwd>дифракционные методы</kwd><kwd>камни желчного пузыря</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>x-ray microtomography</kwd><kwd>topo-tomography</kwd><kwd>absorption tomography</kwd><kwd>diffraction methods</kwd><kwd>gallstones</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования, государственного задания ФНИЦ «Кристаллография и фотоника» РАН</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludwig W., Cloetens P., Härtwig J., et al. 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