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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zldm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-6861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0187</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «ТЕСТ-ЗЛ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-3-75-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zldm-943</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Последовательный алгоритм обнаружения момента изменения дисперсии временного ряда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sequential algorithm for detecting changes in the variance of time series</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филаретов</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filaretov</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Федорович Филаретов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady F. Filaretov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gefefi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альмира Аснафовна Червова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al’mira A. Chervova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chervova.almira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «МЭИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “MPEI”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Филаретов Г.Ф., Червова А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филаретов Г.Ф., Червова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filaretov G.F., Chervova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/943">https://www.zldm.ru/jour/article/view/943</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрен один из последовательных параметрических методов обнаружения «разладки» дискретного случайного процесса, т.е. спонтанного изменения той или иной его вероятностной характеристики. Среди множества подобных алгоритмов наибольшее распространение получили те, которые базируются на видоизмененном последовательном анализе и обычно называются алгоритмами кумулятивных сумм (АКС, или CUSUM-алгоритмами). Цель работы — исследование АКС, предназначенного для обнаружения изменения дисперсии гауссовского временного ряда. Сформулирована исходная постановка задачи, методом имитационного эксперимента исследованы вероятностные характеристики алгоритма, получены зависимости среднего интервала между ложными тревогами и среднего времени запаздывания в обнаружении разладки от величины решающего порога при разных значениях показателя, характеризующего степень изменения дисперсии при разладке. Показано, что рассматриваемый алгоритм более эффективен для обнаружения увеличения дисперсии, чем для случая ее возможного уменьшения. Предложен способ синтеза контролирующего алгоритма с заданными вероятностными характеристиками. Исследована его устойчивость по отношению к неточности задания дисперсии для исходного состояния без разладки. Выявлено, что даже относительно малые ошибки в значении этой дисперсии приводят к весьма большим отклонениям фактических вероятностных характеристик алгоритма от заданных при процедуре синтеза, что выдвигает достаточно жесткие требования к числу наблюдений, если дисперсия оценивается по экспериментальным данным. Приведено соотношение, позволяющее определить необходимый объем выборки для оценки среднеквадратического отклонения с заданной допустимой относительной погрешностью при выбранной доверительной вероятности. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при построении контрольных карт, предназначенных для решения задач статистического управления различного рода процессами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We consider one of the sequential parametric methods for detection of the so-called “disorder” of a discrete random process, i.e. spontaneous change of its probabilistic characteristics. Among the variety of the algorithms, the most common are those based on modified sequential analysis, usually referred as cumulative sums algorithms (CUSUM-algorithms). The aim of the work is to study the CUSUM-algorithm designed to detect changes in the variance of the Gaussian time series. The initial statement of the problem is formulated. The probabilistic characteristics of the algorithm are studied by the method of simulation experiment. The dependences of the average interval between false alarms and the average delay time in the detection of the disorder on the value of the decisive threshold for different values of the indicator characterizing the value of the variance change in the disorder are obtained. It is shown that the algorithm under consideration is more effective for detecting an increase in the variance compared to the case of its possible decrease. A method for synthesizing the controlling algorithm with the specified probabilistic characteristics is proposed. Study of the stability of the method in relation to the inaccuracy of setting the variance for the initial state without a disorder revealed that even relatively small errors in the value of the variance lead to rather large deviations of the actual probabilistic characteristics of the algorithm from those specified in the synthesis procedure. This poses rather stringent requirements for the number of observations when the variance is estimated from the experimental data. A simplified relation for determination of the sample size required for estimation of the standard deviation with a given permissible relative error at the selected confidence probability is presented. The results of the study can be used in construction of the control cards designed to solve the problems of statistical management of various processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>временной ряд</kwd><kwd>обнаружение изменения дисперсии</kwd><kwd>алгоритм кумулятивных сумм</kwd><kwd>синтез контролирующего алгоритма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>time series</kwd><kwd>detection of variance change</kwd><kwd>CUSUM-algorithm</kwd><kwd>synthesis of control algorithm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мердок Дж. Контрольные карты / Пер. с англ. — М.: Финансы и статистика, 1986. — 152 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murdoch J. Control Charts. 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