X-ray determination and modeling of macro-stresses in products

Abstract

The operating conditions of modern equipment are often rather severe and the materials used for production are exposed to extremely high temperatures and force effects resulting in formation of increased macro-stresses the level of which should be controlled. We present the results of x-ray determination of macro-stresses. Flat specimens made of steel 20 were tested using a diffractometer supplemented with a small two — circle goniometer. Using a set-top box mounted on the proper site of the unit attachment, the object under control was rotated to provide implementation of the applied x-ray method sin²ψ. To simulate the processes which affect the level and distribution of stresses in the product (e.g., drilling, local heating, etc.), the attachment is equipped with a small-sized loading device. In addition to forming macro-stresses of a given value in the sample, the device provided control of the stress distribution over the product. The proposed technical solution can be used in developing a «check specimen», since the use of standard macro-stress samples faces known difficulties. In this case, the macro-stresses of a required level are formed in the specimen made of the same material (or directly of the product) using the loading device of the attachment to compare the results of measurements with the data of product testing.