Electroanalytic properties of unmodified and modified solid contact potentiometric β-lactam sensors in aqueous and biological media

Results of a comparative study of the electroanalytic properties of solid contact sensors (tubular and planar) in cefuroxime (Cefur), cefotaxime (Ceftx), cefixim (Cefix), and amoxicillin (Amox) solutions are presented. Tetraalkylammonium associates — tetradecylammonium (TDA) and dimethyldistearylammonium (DMDSA) — with complex compounds silver (I) — β-lactam [Ag(β-lac)₂] TAA; ZnO modifiers, polyaniline, and polyaniline nanotubes are used as electrode active components (EAC). The studied sensors based on [Ag(Cefur)2] TDA and [Ag(Amox)₂] DMDSA in solutions of cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin are characterized by a short response time: for tubular 20 – 25 sec (unmodified), 12 – 17 sec (modified); for planar – 20 – 25 sec (unmodified), 10 – 15 sec (modified). Modifiers stabilize electrode potential and perform a function of a mediator of electron transfer, which leads to improvement of electroanalytic characteristics of sensors. The linear range of electrode functions in antibiotic solutions is 1 × 10^–4 – 1 × 10^–2 M, the detection limit ranges between 2.5 × 10^–5 – 8.9 × 10^–5 M for unmodified and 5.6 × 10^–6 – 7.5 × 10^–5 M for modified sensors, and 4.2 × 10^–5 – 7.2 × 10^–5 M for planar sensors. The potential drift is 8 – 12 mV/day for unmodified and 5 – 7 mV/day for modified planar sensors; service life is 1.5 – 2 months. The advantage of planar sensors is the possibility of using them in microassay detection, which is relevant in the analysis of biological media. Application of solid-contact sensors for determination of the antibiotics under study in model aqueous solutions, medicinal preparations, oral fluid, blood serum in various infectious diseases is demonstrated.

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