Рентгеновские методы осевого фазового контраста и осевой голографии
Аннотация
Приведено сравнительное описание методов осевого рентгеновского фазоконтрастного изображения при распространении излучения в свободном пространстве за образцом: методов фазового контраста и голографии. Экспериментальная реализация методов при прочих равных условиях определяется расстоянием между объектом исследования и плоскостью детектирования. Показано, что это обстоятельство делает методы отличными друг от друга как по условиям эксперимента, так и способам реконструкции изображения и областям применения. Рассмотрены способы получения фазоконтрастных проекций, восстановления двух- и трехмерных изображений исследуемого объекта в реальном пространстве, а также использования рассматриваемых методов для изучения конденсированных сред. Подробно освещен метод осевого фазового контраста с использованием жесткого рентгеновского излучения в ближнем поле, показавший свою эффективность в области биомедицины и материаловедения.
Ключевые слова
x-rays,
phase contrast,
holography,
coherence,
interference,
рентгеновские лучи,
фазовый контраст,
голография,
когерентность,
интерференция
Список литературы
1. Blokhin M. A. Fizika rentgenovskikh luchei [X-ray physics]. - Moscow: GITTL, 1957. - 518 p. [in Russian].
2. Snigirev A., Snigireva I., Kohn V. et al. On the possibilities of x-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation. / Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1995. Vol. 66. N 12. P. 5486 - 5492.
3. Nugent K. A. Coherent methods in the x-ray sciences / Adv. Phys. 2010. Vol. 59. N1. P. 1-99.
4. Fitzgerald R. Phase-sensitive x-ray imaging / Phys. Today. 2000. N 7. P. 23-26.
5. Momose A. Recent Advances in X-ray Phase Imaging / Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2005. Vol. 44. N 9A. P. 6355 - 6367.
6. Lider V. V., Koval’chuk M. V. Metody rentgenovskogo fazovogo kontrasta [X-Ray phase-contrast methods] / Kristallografiya. 2013. Vol. 58. N 6. P. 764 - 784 [in Russian].
7. Nugent K. A., Paganin D., Gureyev T. E. A phase odyssey / Physics Today. 2001. Vol. 54. N 8. P. 27 - 32.
8. Spanne P., Raven C., Snigireva I., et al. In-line holography and phase-contrast microtomography with high energy x-rays / Phys. Med. Biol. 1999. Vol. 44. N 3. P. 741 - 749.
9. Arhatari B. D., Mancuso A. P., Peele A. G., et al. Phase contrast radiography: Image modelling and optimization / Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2004. Vol. 75. N12. P. 5271 -5276.
10. Gabor D. A New Microscopic Principle / Nature. 1948. Vol. 161. N 4098. P. 777 - 778.
11. Baez A. V. A study in diffraction microscopy with special reference to x-rays / J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1952. Vol. 42. N 10. P. 756 - 762.
12. Rogers G. L., Palmer J. The possibilities of x-ray holographic microscopy / J. Microsc. 1969. Vol. 89. N 1. P. 125 - 135.
13. Aoki S., Kikuta S. X-Ray Holographic Microscopy / Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1974. Vol. 13. N 9. P. 1385 - 1392.
14. McNulty I. The future of x-ray holography / Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A. 1994. Vol. 347. P. 170 - 176.
15. Garcia-Sucerquia J., Xu W., Jericho S. K., et al. Digital in-line holographic microscopy / Appl. Opt. 2006. Vol. 45. N 5. P. 836 - 850.
16. Stoykova E., Kang H., Park J. Twin-image problem in digital holography - a survey / Chin. Opt. Lett. 2014. Vol. 12. N 6. P. 060013-1 -060013-12.
17. Hwu Y., Tsai W.-L., Groso A., et al. Coherence-enhanced synchrotron radiology: simple theory and practical applications / J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2002. Vol. 35. P. R105 - R120.
18. Pogany A., Gao G., Wilkins S. W. Contrast and resolution in imaging with а microfocus x-ray source / Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1997. Vol. 68. N 7. P. 2774 - 2782.
19. Olivo A., Arvanitisa C. D., Bohndiek S. E., et al. First evidence of phase-contrast imaging with laboratory sources and active pixel sensors / Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A. 2007. Vol. 581. N 3. P. 776 - 782.
20. Zysk A. M., Garson A. B., Xu Q. Nondestructive volumetric imaging of tissue microstructure with benchtop x-ray phase-contrast tomography and critical point drying / Biomed. Opt. Express. 2012. Vol. 3. N 8. P. 1924 - 1932.
21. Yoshimura H., Shoutsu D., Horikoshi T., et al. Application of SEM-modified X-ray microscope to entomology and histology, and effects of X-ray coherence in imaging / J. Electron. Microsc. 2000. Vol. 49. N5. P. 621 -628.
22. Mayo S. C., Miller P. R., Wilkins S. W., et al. Quantitative X-ray projection microscopy: phase-contrast and multi-spectral imaging / J. Microsc. 2002. Vol. 207. N 2. P. 79 - 96.
23. Spanne P., Raven C., Snigireva I., et al. In-line holography and phase-contrast microtomography with high energy x-rays / Phys. Med. Biol. 1999. Vol. 44. N 3. P. 741 - 749.
24. Jia Q.-J. , Chen Y., Li G., et al. Optimization of the in line X ray phase-contrast imaging setup considering edge-contrast enhancement and spatial resolution / Chin. Phys. C. 2012. Vol. 36. N 3. P. 267 - 274.
25. Gureyev T. E., Nesterets Y. I., Stevenson A. W., et al. Some simple rules for contrast, signal-to-noise and resolution in in-line x-ray phase-contrast imaging / Opt. Express. 2008. Vol. 16. N 5. P. 3223 - 3241.
26. Howells M. R., Iarocci M. A., Kirz J. Experiments in X-ray holographic microscopy using synchrotron radiation / J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 1986. Vol. 3. N12. P. 2171-2178.
27. Watanabe N., Sakurai K., Takeuchi A., et al. Soft-x-ray Gabor holography by use of а back illuminated CCD camera / Appl. Opt. 1997. Vol. 36. N 29. P. 7433 - 7436.
28. Nesterets Ya. I., Wilkins S. W., Gureyev T. E., et al. On the optimization of experimental parameters for x-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging / Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2005. Vol. 76. N 9. P. 093706-1 - 093706-16.
29. Morlens A. S., J. Gautier J., Rey G., et al. Submicrometer digital in-line holographic microscopy at 32 nm with high-order harmonics / Opt. Lett. 2006. Vol. 31. N21. P. 3095-3097.
30. Lim J., Shin H. J., Hong Ch. K. High-Resolution Soft X-ray Digital In-Line Holographic Microscopy / Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2011. Vol. 50. N 7R. P. 072504-1 - 072504-4.
31. Heine R., Gorniak T., Nisius T., et al. Digital in-line X-ray holography with zone plates / Ultramicroscopy. 2011. Vol. 111. N 8. P. 1131 - 1136.
32. Kamijo N., Suzuki Y., Awaji M., et al. Hard X-Ray Microbeam Experiments with а Sputtered-Sliced Fresnel Zone Plate and Its Applications / J. Synchrotron Rad. 2002. Vol. 9. N 3. P. 182 - 186.
33. Barth R., Staier F., Simpson T., et al. Soft X-ray holographic microscopy of chromosomes with high aspect ratio pinholes / J. Biotechnol. 2010. Vol. 149. N 4. P. 238 - 242.
34. Lindaas S., Howells M., Jacobsen C., et al. X-ray holographic microscopy by means of photoresist recording and atomic-force microscope readout / J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 1996. Vol. 13. N 9. P. 1788 - 1800.
35. Wachulak P. W., Marconi M. C., Bartels R. A., et al. Soft X-ray laser holography with wavelength resolution / J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 2008. Vol. 25. N 11. P. 1811-1814.
36. Sakellariou A., Sawkins T. J., Senden T. J., et al. X-ray tomography for mesoscale physics applications / Physica A. 2004. Vol. 339. N 1. P. 152- 158.
37. Lundstrцm U., Larsson D. H., Burvall A., et al. X-ray phase contrast for CO2 microangiography / Phys. Med. Biol. 2012. Vol. 57. N 9. P. 2603-2617.
38. Henderickx H., Tafforeau P., Soriano C. Phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography reveals the morphology of а partially visible new «Pseudogarypus» in Baltic amber Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudogarypidae) / Palaeontol. Electron. 2012. Vol. 15. N 2. P. 17A - 27A.
39. Bentivoglio-Ravasio B., Dreossi D., Marconi E., et al. Synchrotron radiation microtomography of musical instruments: a non-destructive monitoring technique for insect infestations / J. Ent. Acarol. Res. Ser. II. 2011. Vol. 43. N2. P. 149- 155.
40. McNulty I., Trebes J. E., Brase J. M., et al. Experimental demonstration of high resolution three-dimensional x-ray holography / Proc. SPIE. 1992. Soft X-Ray Microscopy. Vol. 1741. P. 78 - 84.
41. Kondratenko A. M., Skrinskii A. N. Rentgenovskaya golografiya mik-roob’’ektov [X-ray holography of microobjects] / Avtometriya. 1977. N2. P. 3-16.
42. Hennelly B. M., Kelly D. P., Pandey N., Monaghan D. Review of twin reduction and twin removal techniques in holography / Proc. China-Ireland International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies, Maynooth, Ireland, 2009. P. 241 - 245.
43. Yamaguchi I., Zhang T. Phase-shifting digital holography / Opt. Lett. 1997. Vol. 22. N 16. P. 1268 - 1270.
44. Zhang Y., Pedrini G., Osten W., et al. Whole optical wave field reconstruction from double or multi in-line holograms by phase retrieval algorithm / Opt. Express. 2003. Vol. 11. N 24. P. 3234 - 3241.
45. Rong L., Pan F., Xiao W., et al. Twin image elimination from two in-line holograms via phase retrieval / Chin. Opt. Lett. 2012. Vol. 10. N 6. P. 60902-1 -60902-3.
46. Gerchberg R. W., Saxton W. O. A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures / Optik. 1972. Vol. 35. N2. P. 237-246.
47. Liu G., Scott P. D. Phase retrieval and twin-image elimination for in-line Fresnel holograms / J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 1987. Vol. 4. N 1. P. 159- 165.
48. Fienup J. R. Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison / Appl. Opt. 1982. Vol. 21. N 15. P. 2758 - 2769.
49. Zhao J., Wang D., Zhang F., Wang Y. Hybrid phase retrieval approach for reconstruction of in-line digital holograms without twin image / Opt. Eng. 2011. Vol. 50. N 9. P. 091310-1 - 091310-8.
50. Krenkel M., Bartels M., Salditt T. Transport of intensity phase reconstruction to solve the twin image problem in holographic x-ray imaging / Opt. Express. 2013. Vol. 21. N 2. P. 2220 - 2235.
51. Li Y., Xiao W., Pan F., Rong L. Phase retrieval from double axially displaced holograms for dual-wavelength in-line holography / COL. 2014. Vol. 12. N 2. P. 020901 - 020904.
52. Barton J. J. Photoelectron holography / Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988. Vol. 61. N 12. P. 1356- 1359.
53. Cloetens P., Ludwig W., Baruchel J., et al. Holotomography: quantitative phase tomography with micrometer resolution using hard synchrot ron radiation x-rays / Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999. Vol. 75. N 19. P. 2912-2914.
54. Gureyev T. E., Davis T. J., Pogany A., et al. Optical phase retrieval by use of first Born- and Rytov-type approximations / Appl. Opt. 2004. Vol. 43. N 12. P. 2418-2430.
55. Wu X., Liu H. A general theoretical formalism for X-ray phase contrast imaging / J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. 2003. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 33 - 42.
56. Guigay J., Langer M., Boistel R., et al. Mixed transfer function and transport of intensity approach for phase retrieval in the Fresnel region / Opt. Lett. 2007. Vol. 32. N 12. P. 1617 - 1619.
57. Bronnikov A. V. Reconstruction formulas in phase-contrast tomography / Opt. Commun. 1999. Vol. 171. N 4 - 6. P. 239 - 244.
58. Groso A., Abela R., Stampanoni M. Implementation of а fast method for high resolution phase contrast tomography / Opt. Express. 2006. Vol. 14. N 18. P. 8103-8110.
59. Wu X., Liu H. X-Ray cone-beam phase tomography formulas based on phase-attenuation duality / Opt. Express. 2005. Vol. 13. N 16. P. 6000-6014.
60. Paganin D., Mayo S., Gureyev T. E., et al. Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from а single defocused image of a homogeneous object / J. Microsc. 2002. Vol. 206. N 1. P. 33 - 40.
61. Beltran M. A., Paganin D. M., Uesugi K., et al. 2D and 3D X-ray phase retrieval of multi-material objects using a single defocus distance / Opt. Express. 2010. Vol. 18. N 7. P. 6423 - 6436.
62. Zabler S., Cloetens P., Guigay J.-P., et al. Optimization of phase contrast imaging using hard x-rays / Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2005. Vol. 76. N 7. P. 073705-1 - 073705-7.
63. Burvall A., Lundstrцm U., Takman P. A., et al. Phase retrieval in X-ray phase-contrast imaging suitable for tomography / Opt. Express. 2011. Vol. 19. N 11. P. 10359 - 10376.
64. Chen R. C., Rigon L., Longo R. Comparison of single distance phase retrieval algorithms by considering different object composition and the effect of statistical and structural noise / Opt. Express. 2013. Vol. 21. N 6. P. 7384 - 7399.
65. Wang L., Li X., Wu M., et al. A sparse-projection computed tomography reconstruction method for in vivo application of in-line phase-contrast imaging / Biomed. Eng. Online. 2013. Vol. 12. N 1. P. 75 - 87.
66. Kak A. C., Slaney M. / Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging. -New York: IEEE, 1988.
67. Cloetens P., Mache R., Schlenker M., Lerbs-Mache S. Quantitative phase tomography of Arabidopsis seeds reveals intercellular void network / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2006. Vol. 103. N 39. P. 626 - 1430.
68. Elbakri I. A., Fessler J. A. Statistical image reconstruction for polyenergetic X-ray computed tomography / IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 2002. Vol. 21. N 2. P. 89 - 99.
69. Myers G. R., Gureyev T. E., Paganin D. M., et al. The binary dissector: phase contrast tomography of two- and three-material objects from few projections / Opt. Express. 2008. Vol. 16. N 14. P. 10736 - 10749.
70. Kostenko A., Batenburg K. J., King A., et al. Total variation minimization approach in in-line x-ray phase-contrast tomography / Opt. Express. 2013. Vol. 21. N 10. P. 12185 - 12196.
71. Pan A., Petruccelli L., Gupta J. C., et al. Contrast enhancement in x-ray phase contrast tomography / Opt. Express. 2014. Vol. 22. N 15. P. 18020- 18026.
72. Beltran M. A., Paganin D. M., Siu K. K. W., et al. Interface-specific x-ray phase retrieval tomography of complex biological organs / Phys. Med. Biol. 2011. Vol. 56. N 23. P. 7353 - 7369.
73. Schittny J. C., Barrй S. F., Mokso R., et al. High-Resolution Phase-Contrast Imaging of Submicron Particles in Unstained Lung Tissue / AIP Conf. Proc. 2011. Vol. 1365. P. 384 - 387.
74. Donnelley M., Morgan K. S., Siu K. K. W., et al. Non-invasive airway health assessment: synchrotron imaging reveals effects of rehydrating treatments on mucociliary transit in-vivo / Sci. Rep. 2014. Vol. 14. N 4. P. 3689-1 -3689-6.
75. Simpson S. J., Siu K. K. W., Yagi N., et al. Phase Contrast Imaging Reveals Low Lung Volumes and Surface Areas in the Developing Marsupial / PLoS ONE. 2013. Vol. 8. N 1. P. e53805-1 - e53805-8.
76. Socha J. J., Fцrster T. D., Greenlee K. J. Issues of convection in insect respiration: insights from synchrotron X-ray imaging and beyond / Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2010. Vol. 173. Suppl. P. S65 - S73.
77. van de Kamp T., Ershov A., dos Santos Rolo T., et al. Insect Imaging at the ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility / Entomologie heute. 2013. Vol. 25. P. 147 - 160.
78. Castelli E., Tonutti M., Arfelli F., et al. Mammography with synchrotron radiation: first clinical experience with phase-detection technique / Radiology. 2011. Vol. 259. N 3. P. 684 - 694.
79. Sztrokay A., Diemoz P. C., Schlossbauer T. High-resolution breast tomography at high energy: a feasibility study of phase contrast imaging on a whole breast / Phys. Med. Biol. 2012. Vol. 57. N10. P. 2931 -2942.
80. Ignatiev K. I., Lee W.-K., Fezzaa K., et al. Phase contrast stereometry: fatigue crack mapping in three dimensions / Phil. Mag. 2005. Vol. 85. N 28. P. 3273 - 3300.
81. Limodin N., Réthore J., Buffiére J.-Y., et al. Crack closure and stress intensity factor measurements in nodular graphite cast iron using three-dimensional correlation of laboratory X-ray microtomography images / Acta Mater. 2009. Vol. 57. P. 4090 - 4101.
82. Zhang H., Toda H., Qu P. C., et al. Three-dimensional fatigue crack growth behavior in an aluminum alloy investigated with in situ high-resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography / Acta Mater. 2009. Vol. 57. P. 3287 - 3300.
83. Friis E. M., Crane P. R., Pedersen K. R., et al. Phase-contrast X-ray microtomography links Cretaceous seeds with Gnetales and Bennettitales / Nature. 2007. Vol. 450. N 7169. P. 549 - 552.
84. Mayo S. C., Chen F., Evans R. Micron-scale 3D imaging of wood and plant microstructure using high-resolution X-ray phase-contrast microtomography / J. Struct. Biol. 2010. Vol. 171. N 12. P. 182 - 188.
85. Olendrowitz C., Bartels M., Krenkel M., et al. Phase-contrast x-ray imaging and tomography of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans / Phys. Med. Biol. 2012. Vol. 57. N 16. P. 5309 - 5323.
86. Tafforeau P., Boistel R., Boller E., et al. Applications of x-ray synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological specimens / Appl. Phys. A. 2006. Vol. 83. N 2. P. 195 - 202.
87. Rigon L., Vallazza E., Arfelli F., et al. Synchrotron-radiation micro-CT for the non-destructive structural evaluation of bowed stringed intrumens / e-PS. 2010. Vol. 7. P. 71 - 77.
88. Hu J.-Z., Wu T.-D., Zeng L., et al. Visualization of microvasculature by x-ray in-line phase contrast imaging in rat spinal cord / Phys. Med. Biol. 2012. Vol. 57. N 5. P. N55 - N63.
89. Zhang L., Qian X., Zhang K., et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels in the rabbit eye by X-ray phase contrast imaging / Biomed. Eng. Online. 2013. Vol. 12. P. 30 - 43.
90. Tang L., Li G., Sun Y.-S., et al. Synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast imaging of human stomach and gastric cancer: in vitro studies / J. Synchrotron Rad. 2012. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 319 - 322.
91. Tao Q., Luo S. Investigation of gastric cancers in nude mice using X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging / Biomed. Eng. Online. 2014. Vol. 13. N 1. P. 101 - 115.
92. Langer M., Pacureanu A., Suhonen H., et al. X-Ray Phase Nanotomography Resolves the 3D Human Bone Ultrastructure / PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol. 7. N 8. P. e35691-1 - e35691-7.
93. Giewekemeyer K., Krüger S. P., Kalbfleisch S., et al. X-ray propagation microscopy of biological cells using waveguides as a quasipoint source / Phys. Rev. A. 2011. Vol. 83. N 2. P. 023804-1 - 023804-7.
94. Bartels M., Krenkel M., Haber J., et al. X-Ray Holographic Imaging of Hydrated Biological Cells in Solution / Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015. Vol. 114. N4. P. 048103-1 -048103-5.
95. Bartels M., Priebe M., Wilke R., et al. Low-dose three-dimensional hard x-ray imaging of bacterial cells / Opt. Nanoscopy. 2012. Vol. 1. N 1. P. 10-16.
96. Rosenhahn A., Staier F., Nisius T., et al. Digital in-line holography with femtosecond VUV radiation provided by the free-electron laser FLASH / Opt. Express. 2009. Vol. 17. N 10. P. 8220 - 8228.
97. Eisebitt S., Lцrgen M., Eberhardt W., et al. Polarization effects in coherent scattering from magnetic specimen: Implications for x-ray holography, lensless imaging, and correlation spectroscopy / Phys. Rev. B. 2003. Vol. 68. N 10. P. 104419-1 - 104419-6.
98. Günther C. M. Application and Development of Fourier Transform Holography: Dissertation. Technischen Universität Berlin. 2012.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Лидер В.В. Рентгеновские методы осевого фазового контраста и осевой голографии. Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 2015;81(12):32-40.
For citation:
Lider V.V. X-Ray Methods of In-Line Phase Contrast and Holography. Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials. 2015;81(12):32-40. (In Russ.)
Просмотров: 221
Послать статью по эл. почте 