Исследование характеристик ползучести корпусной стали 15Х2НМФА-А реактора типа ВВЭР при температурах 500 – 1200 °C

Исследованы особенности ползучести корпусной стали 15Х2НМФА-А в диапазоне температур 500 – 1200 °C, которые могут быть достигнуты при аварийных режимах работы реакторов типа ВВЭР. Проведен анализ кривых ползучести стали, полученных при испытаниях растяжением образцов с построением параметрической зависимости Ларсена – Миллера. Показано, что в интервале температур 600 – 850 °C обобщенная температурная зависимость Ларсена – Миллера изменяет угол наклона, вследствие чего в этом интервале возникает высокая ошибка в оценке времени до разрушения стали 15Х2НМФА-А в условиях ползучести. Для определения причин изменения сопротивления ползучести в указанном температурном диапазоне исследована микроструктура металла в исходном состоянии и после испытаний на ползучесть методами оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Установлено, что в интервале температур 600 – 700 °C происходит коагуляция карбонитридов типа V(CN), приводящая к изменению угла наклона параметрической зависимости Ларсена – Миллера. В диапазоне температур A_c1 – A_c3 характеристики ползучести скачкообразно изменяются, что связано с фазовыми превращениями. Обоснована целесообразность разделения параметрической зависимости Ларсена – Миллера на несколько участков в зависимости от температуры с учетом структурных изменений в стали 15Х2НМФА-А, что позволяет повысить точность оценки времени ее разрушения как минимум на порядок. По результатам исследования получена расчетная зависимость предела длительной прочности стали от температуры на базе шести, 24 и 120 ч.

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