Диагностика свойств экспериментального алюмоматричного литого композиционного материала

Композиционные материалы на основе алюминия широко применяют в различных отраслях промышленности для изготовления деталей и элементов конструкций. В работе представлены результаты диагностики свойств экспериментальных дисперсно-упрочненных композиционных материалов (ДУКМ) на основе алюминия, полученных «методом внутреннего окисления». Исследовали взаимосвязанные между собой механические и технологические свойства композитов с выявлением корреляционной зависимости между параметрами виброакустической эмиссии (ВАЭ) и динамического метода обработки материалов в различном структурно-фазовом состоянии. Анализировали пять партий отливок ДУКМ, изготовленных с использованием различных режимов синтеза включений твердой фазы в матрице материала. Представлены методики и результаты испытаний по определению микроструктуры, химического состава, твердости заготовок, динамических составляющих и сигнала ВАЭ при их обработке. Методами энерго- и волнодисперсионной спектрометрии установлены различия в химическом составе отливок. Зависимость между процентным содержанием легирующих элементов в сплавах и твердостью материала заготовок не выявлена. При этом образцы разных плавок показали различную величину микротвердости. Различие в микротвердости материалов заготовок незначительно влияет на усилие резания и, следовательно, на генерируемые сигналы ВАЭ. Установлена зависимость между изменением параметра сигнала ВАЭ (среднеквадратичным значением) и параметром режима обработки — скоростью резания. Показано, что среднеквадратичное значение сигнала ВАЭ, как информативный параметр, позволяет адекватно оценить изменение скорости точения заготовок из ДУКМ, при которой наблюдается уменьшение составляющих силы резания и достигается требуемая шероховатость обработанной поверхности. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при определении оптимальных скоростей резания, обеспечивающих меньшее значение составляющих силы резания и заданную шероховатость обработанной поверхности.

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