Методы определения характеристик адгезии в системах с теплозащитными покрытиями

Системы теплозащитных покрытий (ТЗП) широко используют в современных высокотемпературных авиационных газовых турбинах для защиты поверхностей лопаток от газовой коррозии и воздействия высоких рабочих температур. Для прогнозирования долговечности систем с ТЗП одним из ключевых является параметр, характеризующий сопротивление отслоению (адгезию) на поверхностях раздела. Цель работы — анализ существующих методов количественного определения характеристик адгезии для многослойных теплозащитных покрытий и защитных оксидных слоев на поверхности жаропрочных сплавов на основе никеля и выявление причин разброса показателей адгезии. Рассмотрены теоретические предпосылки для определения характеристик адгезии. Показано отсутствие национальных стандартов для их оценки и отмечен значительный разброс значений, полученных при использовании международных документов, регламентирующих испытания, и авторских методик. Значения интенсивности высвобождения упругой энергии деформации варьируются 0,3 до 230 Дж/м² в зависимости от метода определения, условий эксперимента и параметров системы. Причины разброса значений условно разделены на две группы: 1 — внутренние, обусловленные особенностями формирования слоев ТЗП и температурным воздействием, определяющие величину и характер распределения остаточных деформаций и напряжений, а также направление, по которому инициируется разрушение; 2 — внешние, обусловленные особенностями проведения испытаний и обработки результатов. Показана необходимость комплексного подхода к оценке характеристик адгезии, учитывающего влияние внешних и внутренних факторов.

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