Study of the stages of cavitation development in channels based on hydro- and sonoluminescence measurements

Conditions for the development of cavitation are studied using the effect of light emission from a liquid during the collapse of cavitation bubbles. The results of studying cavitation in technical fluids by recording hydro- and sonoluminescence are presented. Conditions for the occurrence of hydro- and sonoluminescence were analyzed in relation to the geometry of a narrow channel; a high-speed video camera and a photomultiplier were used for recording. Universal threshold values for the strain rate of hydroluminescence in the range of 10⁵ – 10⁶ sec^–1 have been obtained, and a methodology has been developed for recording hydro- and sonoluminescence in narrow channels to study the stages of the cavitation development. The proposed experimental setup contained two high-pressure circuits, i.e., a pressure circuit and a measuring circuit. In the pressure circuit, hydraulic oil pressure was created using a gear pump. By means of a hydraulic cylinder and a movable piston, it was transmitted to the liquid in the measuring circuit, which was then passed under pressure through a narrow channel. The proposed geometry of a narrow channel provided separation of the phenomena of hydroluminescence in a narrow channel and sonoluminescence with subsequent cavitation when the liquid exits into the diffuser as a result of a pressure drop. The design of the setup and methodology made it possible to study cavitation effects in a wide range of technical fluids, including those that are aggressive to high-pressure pump materials. The results obtained can be used to improve the means of comprehensive diagnostics of lubricated friction units proceeding from the parameters of wear products in the oil, methods for suppressing the acoustic effects of cavitation, etc.

1. Frenkel Ya. I. On electrical phenomena associated with cavitation caused by ultrasonic vibrations in liquids / ZhFKh. 1940. Vol. XIV. Issue 3. P. 305 – 308 [in Russian].

2. Margulis M. A. Sonoluminescence / Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 2000. Vol. 170. N 3. P. 263 – 287 [in Russian].

3. Biryukov D. A., Vlasova M. I., Gerasimov D. N., Sinkevich O. A. Hydrodynamic luminescence and gamma radiation / Teplofizika. 2013. N 1. P. 69 – 72 [in Russian].

4. Barber B., Hiller R., Lofstedt R., et al. Physics defining the unknown sonoluminescence / Phys. Rep. 1997. Vol. 281. P. 65 – 143. DOI: 10.1016/S0370-1573(96)00050-6

5. Farhat M., Chakravarty A., Field J. Luminescence from hydrodynamic cavitation / Proc. R. Soc. A. 2011. Vol. 467. P. 591 – 606. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0134

6. Margulis M. A., Pilgunov V. N. Glow and electrification during the flow of dielectric liquids in a narrow channel / ZhFKh. 2009. Vol. 83. N 8. P. 1585 – 1590 [in Russian].

7. Gertsenshtein S. Ya., Monakhov A. A. Electrification and glow of liquid in a coaxial channel with dielectric walls / Mekh. Zhidk. Gaza. 2009. N 3. P. 114 – 119 [in Russian].

8. Biryukov D. A., Gerasimov D. N., Sinkevich O. A. Measurement and analysis of hydroluminescence spectrum / Technical physics letters. 2012. Vol. 38. N 1. P. 80 – 81. DOI: 10.1134/S1063785012010191

9. Biryukov D. A., Vlasova M. I., Gerasimov D. N., Sinkevich O. A. Glow of a liquid in a narrow channel as triboluminescence / Optika Spektrosk. 2003. Vol. 114. N 5. P. 768 – 772 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.7868/S0030403413050048

10. Koldamasov A. I. Plasma formation in a cavitating dielectric liquid / ZhTF. 1991. Vol. 61. Issue 2. P. 188 – 190 [in Russian].

11. Gertsenshtein S. Ya., Monakhov A. A. Glow of liquid in thin dielectric channels / Fiz.-Khim. Kinet. Gaz. Din. 2007. Vol. 5. P. 1 – 5 [in Russian].

12. Bannikova I. A., Uvarov S. V., Bayandin Yu. V., Naimark O. B. An experimental study of non-newtonian properties of water under electroexplosive loading / Technical physics letters. 2014. Vol. 40. N 9. P. 766 – 768. DOI: 10.1134/S1063785014090041

13. Naimark O. B., Uvarov S. V., Bannikova I. A., et al. Localized shear as a quasi-plastic mechanism of momentum transfer in liquids / Letters on Materials. 2023. Vol. 13. N 2. P. 93 – 97. DOI: 10.22226/2410-3535-2023-2-93-97

14. Naimark O. B. Some regularities of scaling in plasticity, fracture, and turbulence / Phys Mesomech. 2016. Vol. 19. P. 307 – 318. DOI: 10.1134/S1029959916030097

15. Radzyuk A. Yu., Kulagin V. A., Istyagina E. B., Pyanykh T. A. Modernization of a cavitation stand for studying two-phase flow regimes / Inzh. Tekhnol. 2019. Vol. 12. N 4. P. 468 – 475 [in Russian].

16. Dezhkunov N., Francescutto A., Serpe L., et al. Physics. Sonoluminescence and acoustic emission spectra at different stages of cavitation zone development / Ultrasonics sonochemistry. 2018. Vol. 40. N 1. P. 104 – 109. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.004

17. Kwon O., Pahk K., Choi M. Simultaneous measurements of acoustic emission and sonochemical luminescence for monitoring ultrasonic cavitation / Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2021. Vol. 149. N 6. P. 4477 – 4483. DOI: 10.1121/10.0005136

18. Peterson F. B., Anderson T. P. Light emission from hydrodynamic cavitation / Physics of fluids. 1967. Vol. 10. N 4. P. 874 – 879.

19. Aniskovich E. V., Moskvichev V. V., Chernaev A. P. Assessment of the residual life of turbine runners with operational defectiveness / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2023. Vol. 89. N 6. P. 62 –75 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-6-62-75

20. Tsvetkov Yu. N., Gorbachenko E. O. Estimation of incubation period at cavitation wear of steel through measuring roughness / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2015. Vol. 81. N 11. P. 62 – 65 [in Russian].