Исследование возможностей метода инструментального индентирования для определения механических свойств полиэтилена

Рассмотрен метод инструментального индентирования как эффективный инструмент для изучения механических свойств полиэтиленов. С помощью данного метода можно определить такие свойства материалов, как твердость, модуль упругости и реологические характеристики. Приведены примеры использования метода инструментального индентирования для изучения свойств различных видов полимерных материалов, описаны параметры, которые влияют на результаты измерений. Экспериментально исследованы возможности метода на примере определения характеристик полиэтилена высокой плотности, который используется при производстве газовых трубопроводов. Результаты подтвердили применимость данного метода при изучении свойств полиэтиленовых (ПЭ) труб газопроводов для диагностирования их технического состояния. Исследованы образцы труб, длительное время находящихся в эксплуатации, а также образец новой трубы. Выявлено, что у образцов полиэтилена разного срока эксплуатации значения твердости как показателя сопротивления пластической деформации при статических нагрузках достаточно близки, в то время как реологические свойства существенно отличаются. Эту особенность необходимо принимать во внимание при проведении различных механических испытаний, поскольку скорость увеличения нагрузки в ходе таких испытаний будет существенно влиять на их результаты. Установлено, что значения твердости и модуля упругости уменьшаются с увеличением времени выдержки индентора под нагрузкой из-за релаксации напряжений в деформированной области под индентором. Рассмотрено влияние структуры полиэтилена на его механические свойства. Также выявлено, что модуль упругости образцов полиэтилена кратно возрастает при изменении степени кристалличности от 48 до 56 %. Проведенная работа показала перспективность и эффективность использования метода инструментального индентирования для анализа упругопластических и реологических свойств полиэтиленов, а также их связи с кристаллической структурой.

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