Experimental study of Plexiglas GS 0Z00 material taking into account climatic aging

The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) brand Plexiglas GS 0Z00 due to the absence of stress-strain curves in open databases, such as CAMPUS or MATDAT. In addition, the mantioned databases contain curves only for tension. Stress-strain curves are necessary for more accurate calculation of the stress-strain state of the body. To determine the performance characteristics of the material, the samples were exposed to climatic action. The results of the experimental study of the physical and mechanical properties of the material before/ after climatic action are presented. Various models that determine the relationship between stresses and strains (the Menges model, the model based on the logistic function) at temperatures below the glass transition temperature are considered. Numerical values of the model parameters are obtained in accordance with the experimental data. The results of tensile-compressive tests at a constant strain rate from 1 to 10 mm/min (from = 3.3 %/min to 33.33 %/min) are compared with the results of tensile-compressive tests of the material at the same rates and room temperature, but after exposing the samples to open air for six months. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of the material for different ambient temperatures are determined. Stress-strain curves of the material at room temperature are constructed for further use in modeling the stress-strain state of bodies. It is noted that at a deformation of no more than 4%, the Menges model and the model based on the logistic function have proven themselves well. The parameters of both functions for the selected material are presented in the paper. The material has a tendency to embrittlement after climatic aging. The physical and mechanical properties of the material depend on the ambient temperature and the rate of the applied load.

1. Stachiw J. D. Handbook of Acrylics for Submersibles Hyperbaric Chambers and Aquaria. — Flagstaff (AZ): Best Publishing Company (BPC), 2003. — 1080 p.

2. Wu Y., Li Y., Luo R., Zhang Z., et al. Failure analysis on fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hulls used at 2,500 m depth / Front. Mater. 2023. Vol. 9. P. 1099610:1 – 8. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2022.1099610

3. Ashby F. M., Jones D. R. H. Engineering Materials 1 an introduction to their properties & applications. 2nd edition. — Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996. — 322 p.

4. Hada T., Kanazawa M., Iwaki M., et al. Comparison of mechanical properties of PMMA disks for digitally designed dentures / Polymers. 2021. Vol. 13(11). P. 1745. DOI: 10.3390/polym13111745

5. Rokaya D., Srimaneepong V., Sapkota J., et al. Polymeric materials and films in dentistry: An overview / J. Adv. Res. 2018. Vol. 14. P. 25 – 34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.001

6. Zhirnov A. E., Arzhakov M. S. Polymer structure. — Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2013. — 41 p. [in Russian].

7. Okeke C. P., Thite A. N., Durodola J. F., Greenrod M. T. Hyperelastic polymer material models for robust fatigue performance of automotive LED lamps / Proc. Struct. Integr. 2017. Vol. 5. P. 600 – 607. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.022

8. Hu W., Guo H., Chen Y., et al. Experimental investigation and modeling of the rate-dependent deformation behavior of PMMA at different temperatures / Eur. Polymer J. 2016. Vol. 85. P. 313 – 323. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.036

9. Abdel-Wahab A. A., Ataya S., Silberschmidt V. V. Temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of PMMA: experimental analysis and modelling / Polymer Testing. 2017. Vol. 58. P. 86 – 95. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.12.016

10. Haenig J., Weller B. Experimental investigations and numerical simulations of innovative lightweight glass-plastic-composite panels made of thin glass and PMMA / Glass Struct. Eng. 2021. Vol. 6. P. 249 – 271. DOI: 10.1007/s40940-021-00153-x

11. Nasraoui M. T., Forquin P. A., Siad L., Rusinek A. Influence of strain rate, temperature and adiabatic heating on the mechanical behaviour of poly-methyl-methacrylate: experimental and modelling analyses / Mater. Design. 2012. Vol. 37. P. 500 – 509. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.032

12. Kurkin A. S., Kiselev A. S., Ustinov V. S., Bogdanov A. A. Equations of state of the viscoelasticity of polymethyl methacrylate / Industr. Lab. Mater. Diagn. 2024. Vol. 90(1). P. 72 – 81 [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2024-90-1-72-81

13. Plaseied A., Fatemi A. Strain rate and temperature effects on tensile properties and their representation in deformation modeling of vinyl ester polymer / Int. J. Polymeric Mater. 2008. Vol. 57(5). P. 463 – 479. DOI: 10.1080/00914030701729677

14. Wu H., Ma G., Xia Y. Experimental study of tensile properties of PMMA at intermediate strain rate / Mater. Lett. 2004. Vol. 58(29). P. 3681 – 3685. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.07.022

15. Al-Janabi S. K., Al-Maamori M. H., Braihi A. Experimental and numerical investigation of PMMA based composites used for bone cement application / IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021. Vol. 1090. 012082. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012082

16. Zhu Y., Liang W., Zhao X., et al. Strength and stability of spherical pressure hulls with different viewport structures / Int. J. Press. Vessels Piping. 2019. Vol. 176(11). 103951. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.103951

17. Richeton J., Ahzi S., Vecchio K. S., et al. Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of three amorphous polymers: characterization and modeling of the compressive yield stress / Int. J. Solids Struct. 2016. Vol. 43(7). P. 2318 – 2335. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.06.040

18. Efimov V. A., Shvedkova A. K., Korenkova T. G., Kirillov V. N. Study of polymeric structural materials under the influence of climatic factors and loads in laboratory and natural conditions / Tr. VIAM. 2013. Vol. 1. P. 5 [in Russian].

19. Osswald A., Menges G. Material Science of Polymers for Engineers. 3rd edition. — Munich: Hanser Publications, 2012. — 595 p.

20. Ranby B., Rabek J. F. Photodegradation, Photo-oxidation and Photostabilization of Polymers. — New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1975. — 573 p.