Criteria base of materials science in the field of structural strength and technogenic safety

In use of technical systems and impact on them total loadings, physical fields and corrosion environments initiation in zones of high concentration of stresses of their elements not only fields of stresses and strains, but also fields of damages takes place. At the same time depending on conditions of loading and environment various mechanisms of damages accumulation and fracture are realized. Among these mechanisms are the most dangerous such which taking into account of long static and thermomechanical cyclic loading lead to catastrophic (avalanche) fracture. At the same time identification and analysis of physically connected specificities of not isothermal and statistical mechanisms of accumulation of damages to material plays a very important role when forming criteria of achievement of various types of limit states which are described by the corresponding state equations with the parameters of criteria characteristics of mechanical properties of materials entering them. It is shown that in the direction of working out of materials criteria base of structural strength and technogenic safety justification of models of damages summation at complex impact conditions of the damaging operational factors is perspective. At the same time in addition to standard characteristicses of mechanical properties of structural materials it is necessary to include in the content of criteria base of structural materials science characteristicses of crack resistance, fatigue, cold resistance, corrosion resistance, characteristics of resistance to elastic and plastic strains, characteristics of cyclic hardening, softening and stabilization of material at repeated elastoplastic deformation in the wide range of temperatures of operational loading. New, perspective integrated criteria of safety of operation of technosphere objects is the criteria of unacceptable (critical) technogenic risk considering on the basis of criteria base of structural materials science probability of initiation to them of damages, refusals, fractures, emergency and catastrophic situations at all stages of a lifetime at design, beyond design basis and hypothetical situations.

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